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• W96707366 abstract "There is a substantial amount of information in the literature Which indicates that anionic and cationie surfaetants penetrate the skin poorly. Blank and Gould, using 0.14% sodium lauryl sulfate solutions on excised human skin in a static diffusion cell, showed that essentially none of the surfaetant penetrated to the level of the dermis when the pH of the sodium lauryl sulfate solution was 7 or 9 (1). Under the same conditions, sodium laurate did not penetrate appreciably at pH 9—11, but measurable amounts of the laurate could be found in the dermis when the pH of the applied solution was 7 or 12—13. Further work on human skin led Blank and Gould to conclude that sodium alkyl sulfates from C5 to C or an alkylarylsulfonate did not penetrate the skin in measurable amounts unless the skin was first exposed to organic solvents for several days before the measurements were made (2). Additional studies with sodium laurate in buffer solutions over a p11 range from 7.5—12 showed that the least penetration occurred at pH 10 (3). Similar studies demonstrated that eationie surfaetants also penetrated the skin poorly unless the stratum corneum was first modified by adhesive tape stripping, alkali exposure, or solvent extraction (4). Bettley found that 1% potassium palmitate (presumably at pH 10) did penetrate excised human skin to a small extent; however, this was during 7 days of exposure (5). By use of autoradiographie techniques and static diffusion cells, Choman demonstrated that although 0.5% sodium lauryl sulfate at pH 7.2 penetrates into the pilosebaeeous apparatus of guinea pig skin, none of the surfactant was found in the water in contact with the dermal surface even after 24 hours (6). A number of workers have studied the effect of soap and surfaetants on the loss of water and the penetration of non-surfaetant materials. Bettley showed that 1—5% sodium soap, 5% potassium palmitate, and 1% sodium alkyl sulfate" @default.
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• W96707366 date "1968-05-01" @default.
• W96707366 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
• W96707366 title "The Percutaneous Absorption of Ionic Surfactants*" @default.
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• W96707366 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.1968.60" @default.
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