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• W9684583 abstract "This article deals with the horizontal effect of fundamental rights in private law from the perspective of a justice system understood in a broad sense, depending on the type of jurisdiction which decides to apply them when examining private law relationships. The first part focuses on the perspective of the constitutional court, the second of the ordinary courts dealing with civil cases, and the third of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Firstly, the impact of the constitutional courts on private law is twofold: on the one hand, the process eliminates unconstitutional norms from the legal system, and on the other, an interpretation of legal norms applied in private relationships in compliance with fundamental rights is adopted. This has been illustrated via a few examples of judicial decisions rendered by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal. Secondly, from the jurisprudence of the ordinary courts an indirect and a direct horizontal effect of fundamental rights might be observed. The former leads to a limitation of rights or an elimination of certain obligations that are inherent in the horizontal relationship, rights and obligation which are deprived of their validity or effectiveness consequent to the application in casu of general clauses. In this way, new legal structures are not created and the rules of law governing private law relationships remain fully binding and effective, as the indirect horizontal effect will be effectuated only in the horizontal case at hand. The latter, inevitably leads to the courts encroaching on the lawmaker’s area of competence, as it is equal to creating a new legal norm because a refusal to apply a binding norm leads de facto to a creation of a new provision thereby introducing a different equilibrium of rights and obligations of parties as opposed to the statutory model. As a result predictability and legal certainty can be seriously jeopardized. Thirdly, in the ECJ jurisprudence the horizontal application might be done though an evaluation of national regulations which directly transpose EU law or through an assessment of national legal acts, which do not directly transpose EU law, but nonetheless find connection to European Law application, as defined in Art. 51 (1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Different forms of this application relate at times to direct effect and, on other occasions, to indirect horizontal effect. Finally, more general remarks on the mechanisms which ensure radiation of the values of social justice into European law—what might lead to imposing a certain vision of “social justice” through the application of fundamental rights—are presented." @default.
• W9684583 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W9684583 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W9684583 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
• W9684583 title "The Horizontal Effect of Fundamental Rights in Private Law—On Actors, Vectors, and Factors of Influence" @default.
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• W9684583 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04903-8_7" @default.
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