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- W970272810 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mutation rates for mammalian genomes that have often been computed from rates of amino-acid substitution. The fact that rates differing by manyfold are obtained for different proteins emphasizes that in some proteins, such as the histones, most amino-acid substitutions are sufficiently deleterious to be eliminated during the course of evolution. It reviews that by measuring acceptance rates of silent mutations through direct nucleotide sequence comparisons between species, it can remove one of the most important limitations of previous estimates of the mutation rate, which have been based on amino-acid substitution data. The chapter also discusses that Haldane computed the number of genetic deaths required for a gene substitution to occur according to strict Darwinian principles. With reasonable assumptions about permissive levels of mortality associated with Darwinian evolution, he estimated that there could be about one gene substitution every 300 generations. To account for the observed maintenance of mammalian genomes in the face of Haldane's dilemma, it proposes two solutions—that is, by Truncation selection and Neutral mutations. Truncation selection provides a useful way of explaining accurate maintenance of the repetitive gene clusters and satellite DNAs, but it is difficult to imagine that truncation selection could effectively maintain the accuracy of the single-copy DNA coding for most proteins. It is suggested that only a small fraction of the genome, perhaps less than 2%, is kept accurate as single-copy DNA. Since most mammalian genomes contain large amounts of single-copy DNA, the implication is that most such sequences must be genetically drifting." @default.
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- W970272810 date "1977-01-01" @default.
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- W970272810 title "Mutation Rates in Globin Genes: The Genetic Load and Haldane's Dilemma" @default.
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- W970272810 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60919-8" @default.
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