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- W97088514 abstract "Christopher S. Hill 1 argues that “It is futile to seek a presuppositionless method of studying introspection” because “we inevitably use concepts that are associated with a theory when we attempt to characterize the objects of introspective awareness and also when we attempt to characterize introspection itself” (ref ***). Thus, “every method has substantial presuppositions” (ref ***). Hill therefore recommends that rather than trying to bracket presuppositions in collecting subjective reports, researchers should offer subjects an improved, scientific conceptual framework, where there is good evidence that it is superior to the conceptual frameworks of folk psychology. Russ and I have decided to start our reaction to the commentaries with the issue of bracketing presuppositions both because Russ thinks bracketing presuppositions is crucial to the study of experience and because it is the issue on which Russ and I have been least satisfied that we have understood each other. I am approximately in agreement with Hill on the futility of seeking presuppositionless methods, though I might recommend a lighter touch with the scientific vocabulary than Hill seems to want – perhaps offering scientific vocabulary to the subject as a possibility rather than requiring the subject to use it. Let me develop the point a little farther. Contra what Russ seems to be saying (which Claire Petitmengin also apparently endorses), presuppositions are both necessary and good. They are necessary and good because presuppositions are built into the very having of concepts, into every action, and into every perceptual, theoretical, memorial, and introspective judgment. When I walk into a building, I presuppose that the floor will support me. When I sit on a bus, I presuppose that the person next to me won’t punch me in the nose for no reason. Walking past an orchard, the splashes of red I see among the trees I assume more likely to be apples than coffee mugs. It will take more evidence – rightly so – to convince me of the latter than the former. In both cognitive science and folk psychology, the dominant metaphor for memory – a metaphor than both reflects and reinforces a certain way of thinking about it – is the metaphor of storage and retrieval, often with a search in the middle. This metaphor is misleading in a number of ways, but there’s one aspect I wish to highlight here: On the storage-and-retrieval view, memory is a process that, once initiated, can and typically should operate largely independently of other cognitive processes. Processes like inferring, imagining, and perceiving interfere with pure remembering. To the extent such processes influence one’s final judgment about some remembered fact or event, one isn’t really quite remembering it. Bartlett (1932), Neisser (1967), Roediger (1980), and Sutton (1998) have ably described various infelicities of this storage-and-retrieval view. If I tell you a story about, say, a cricket" @default.
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- W97088514 date "2011-01-01" @default.
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- W97088514 title "Presuppositions and Background Assumptions" @default.
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