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- W9709082 abstract "Small-animal imaging has emerged as a powerful technique to determine the pharmacokinetics and molecular effects of new drugs. Computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET) can all be used to study these compounds or their effects directly. The methods all have varying sensitivities and resolutions and can be used to track events down to the molecular level. Around six orders of magnitude separate cellular and molecular events. Cell radii are around 10−5 m, whereas a small-molecular-weight compound (1 kDa) will have a molecular radius of around 10−10 m. Although MRI can have a resolution of below 10−4 m, the sensitivity of magnetic resonance spectroscopy is quite poor, at 10−4 molar. Conversely, PET and SPECT have lower resolutions of around 10−3 m, but the sensitivities are down to 10−12 molar and depend on the specific activity of the tracer used. Small-animal imaging is a valuable tool to investigate new drugs and validate their potential in vivo. CT and MRI are good methods for anatomical and functional imaging, but cannot be reliably used for molecular imaging since they require potentially pharmacologically active doses of drugs. Optical methods of imaging can be performed at the tracer level using bioluminescence and fluorescent imaging techniques, but they can only offer planar images which cannot give quantitative data. Small-animal imaging with PET and SPECT permits the non-invasive study of novel drugs as well as their effects in animals over substantial periods of time. The methods are directly transferable into the clinic and offer a rapid and cost effective way of developing new therapeutic strategies." @default.
- W9709082 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W9709082 creator A5013739700 @default.
- W9709082 date "2007-01-01" @default.
- W9709082 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W9709082 title "Imaging" @default.
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