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• W981350504 abstract "'This book is about a different way of (Bortoft, 2012, p. 10).A change in the way of seeing means a change in what is seen (Bortoft, 1996, p. 143).What is does not encapsulate its own meaning, as if it could be fully understood independently of the context within which it is - where 'context' refers to everything that is meant 'with' the text (con-text) but which remains unspoken. What is 'carries with it the unsaid', i.e., what is not but is intended along with what is said (Boftoft, 2012, p. 162).Henri Bortoft's new book, Taking Appearances Seriously: The Dynamic Way of Seeing in Goethe and European Thought, is, I think, of crucial relevance to those us concerned with conducting action research. For in particular, in his discussion of 'upstream' thinking as opposed to 'downstream' thinking, he emphasises what it is like to have to conduct one's investigations from within the midst of still ongoing, complicated, multi-dimensional, fluid circumstances. His point is, that at the moment, we try to conduct our inquiries too much in downstream terms, i.e., by making use of already well defined concepts, when the developmental processes involved begin upstream, in terms of much more diffuse, still-to-be-differentiated terms, and it is these that we need to understand. This is very much in line with Toulmin and Gustavsen's (1996) concerns in their book, Beyond Theory. Indeed, as Stephen Toulmin (1996) remarks, in noting that in their approach to participatory action research, that he and Bjorn Gustavsen reverse the usual agenda: in which research is based in theory, and instead, also move upstream by taking as their starting point the ways in which action research is actually designed and carried out... [so as] to grasp the actual experience of the action researchers (pp. 2-3).This is a crucial move. For in action research, something that was not even contemplated as a possibility prior to the research, can emerge in the course of the research, not as its final result, but as a crucial next topic needing investigation. Conventional research portrays practitioners as people who simply choose and reflect (or reflect and choose). It fails to portray them as participants caught up in already ongoing processes who must produce from within them: in the face of both the constraints and limited resources their circumstances offer them, recognisable utterances and actions, recognisable sounds and movements. Involved is a kind of understanding and thinking from within one's immediately present circumstances, what elsewhere I have simply called withness-thinking (Shotter, 2005).It is a kind of momentary knowledge that one can only have from within one's active, ongoing relations with the others and othernesses in one's surroundings, and which disappears as soon as one's active involvements with them cease. Thus the process involved is not a simple one-pass, input-output process; it involves a developmental trajectory, a movement from diffuse global origins, to more differentiated outcomes. As Gustavsen (1996) makes clear, while field experiments and job design workshops had not in themselves been able to initiate change on a large scale, they demonstrated that changes that are to encompass work organisation need a developmental procedure at the local level (p. 18): a most important realisation. Organisational changes cannot just be implemented, tout court, involve an unfolding flow of events in which, at each stage, possibilities become available that were not present earlier.Bortoft's concerns are very similar: His concern is not simply with our experiences, but with what is involved in our coming to an experience, the developmental flow of our relations to our surroundings and the nature of the events involved.I begin with two quotations from his new book, Taking Appearances Seriously, and one from his 1996 book, because currently, we seem to be living within a mass illusion: that our world: those basic aspects of our surroundings beyond the 'milieu' or cultural environment within which we live our everyday social lives, consists in a realm of separate, already existing, countable things related to each other in terms of precise rules, laws, or principles, all of which are discoverable and can be picked out and talked about with the others around us, unambiguously, in technical terms. …" @default.
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• W981350504 date "2013-09-01" @default.
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• W981350504 title "Upstream Thinking, Reversals, and Bortoft's New Realm of Inquiry into Different Possible Ways of Our Being Human" @default.
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