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- W98265346 abstract "This chapter describes the process involved in smelting of laterites ores for production of nickel. The first step of dewatering is followed by calcination. Dewatering and calcination together produce hot, bone-dry, partially reduced calcine, which is essential for the success of ferronickel smelting. Hot rotating kilns are used for these processes. The internal and external design of kilns are described in detail. The kilns are long up to 185 m and are fired by hydrocarbon fuels. The kilns produce totally dry ore so that explosions can be avoided during subsequent furnace smelting. The chapter also discusses chemical reactions in the kiln. As these chemical reactions occur, the solid products are heated to approximately 900°C for hot charging into the electric furnace. Controlled levels of nickel, iron, and coal in the calcine ensure efficient production of ferronickel with a constant composition during smelting. Ninety percent of smelted ferronickel is used in making stainless steel and other ferrous alloys. The balance is smelted to sulphide matte for refining to nickel metal and other nickel products." @default.
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- W98265346 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W98265346 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W98265346 title "Dewatering and Calcination of Laterite Ores" @default.
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- W98265346 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-096809-4.10005-x" @default.
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