Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W98381956> ?p ?o ?g. }
Showing items 1 to 59 of
59
with 100 items per page.
- W98381956 abstract "During the eighteenth century England underwent vast changes in her methods of production. As a consequence the factory posed a new experience for the workers. Although conditions and hours of work were better in textile factories than in most contemporary occupations, worker discontent was great because of the stricter regimen which the factory imposed. Conditions for children, generally the same as for the adults were no worse than they had always been. Although none of the early factory legislation was enforced, the Factory Act of 1833 and those that fol1owed are differentiated from previous efforts by their organized support, among which was that given by a group of Tory evangelicals. The evangelicals intended to limit hours to ten for all factory workers by restricting to that limit hours for persons up to eighteen years. The work of children and adults was so interrelated as to require them to work together. Legislation was introduced into commons in 1832 by Michael Sadler and in 1833 by Lord Ashley. Sadler's bill never got out of committee but the committee’s report served as a valuable source of propaganda. Ashley's bill was sent to a royal commission controlled by Benthamites who so altered the bill’s form as to cause Ashley to give it up. Acceptable to parliament in its new form, the bill clearly differentiated between child labor, which hours it limited to eight, and adult labor, which was left to protect itself. The Benthamite bill also required the manufacturers to provide education for their children; and inspectors were to attempt enforcement of regulations. Although parliamentary reform and an election had occurred in 1832, this revolution had no effect on the 1833 bill's passage. Factory legislation was the product of public demand and organized support rather than political upheaval. Furthermore, this was not a contest between Tories and Whigs, Establishment and evangelicals, or middle class and aristocracy. The simple motivation behind the bill was Christian humanitarianism. The debate arguments, themselves, fell into several categories and were repeated in volume and embellishment according to assumed value. The proponents of legislation emphasized the deleterious effect of the long hours; the inequities of the existing employment problem; and “the system” of competition and machinery which produced such conditions. The opponents threatened that family income would necessarily be reduced; that there would be massive unemployment due to collapse of the industry; and that such legislation would be contrary to natural laws of economics demanding free enterprise. Of course each side offered rebuttal to the other; conditions were really quite good; mortality rates were lower in the cities than elsewhere; the natural laws of economy would have to suffer rather than the children; there was no foreign competition, only British; and so forth. The Benthamite Factory Act was a disappointment to Ashley and his colleagues. They had failed in their effort to achieve a ten hour work-day. The effect was to spur them on to greater efforts. Ashley spent a successful lifetime in developing reform legislation. As with earlier legislation, this Act was poorly enforced: manufacturers and parents conspired to keep children at the mills; the education provisions were evaded or poorly employed. Of great value for the future, however, were the reports compiled by the parliamentary committee, the royal commission and the factory inspectors. These reports aided the reform effort later in the century." @default.
- W98381956 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W98381956 creator A5080294152 @default.
- W98381956 date "2000-01-01" @default.
- W98381956 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W98381956 title "A study of the arguments for and against the Factory Act of 1833 used by members of Parliament in the House of Commons" @default.
- W98381956 doi "https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.212" @default.
- W98381956 hasPublicationYear "2000" @default.
- W98381956 type Work @default.
- W98381956 sameAs 98381956 @default.
- W98381956 citedByCount "0" @default.
- W98381956 crossrefType "report" @default.
- W98381956 hasAuthorship W98381956A5080294152 @default.
- W98381956 hasBestOaLocation W983819561 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C127413603 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C18762648 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C199360897 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C2776034101 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C2777351106 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C2778959273 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C2781440851 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C3116431 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C40149104 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C78519656 @default.
- W98381956 hasConcept C94625758 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C127413603 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C17744445 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C18762648 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C199360897 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C199539241 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C2776034101 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C2777351106 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C2778959273 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C2781440851 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C3116431 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C40149104 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C41008148 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C78519656 @default.
- W98381956 hasConceptScore W98381956C94625758 @default.
- W98381956 hasLocation W983819561 @default.
- W98381956 hasOpenAccess W98381956 @default.
- W98381956 hasPrimaryLocation W983819561 @default.
- W98381956 hasRelatedWork W2040340634 @default.
- W98381956 hasRelatedWork W2139051603 @default.
- W98381956 hasRelatedWork W253661108 @default.
- W98381956 hasRelatedWork W2907462610 @default.
- W98381956 hasRelatedWork W4206512569 @default.
- W98381956 hasRelatedWork W4240090792 @default.
- W98381956 hasRelatedWork W4243943926 @default.
- W98381956 hasRelatedWork W4244599736 @default.
- W98381956 hasRelatedWork W4253903921 @default.
- W98381956 hasRelatedWork W4294307074 @default.
- W98381956 isParatext "false" @default.
- W98381956 isRetracted "false" @default.
- W98381956 magId "98381956" @default.
- W98381956 workType "report" @default.