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• W985225536 abstract "The objectives of the study are to isolate, and identifl the phenolic compounds present inthe palm oil mill effluent (POME) and evaluate their antioxidative activity. Combinationsof column and partition chromatography were used in the isolation of the phenoliccompounds. Antioxidative activities of the POME hctions were evaluated for fkeradical scavenging activity, lipid thiocyanate, &carotene-linoleate and reducing assays.Identification of the phenolic compounds in POME filtrate was carried out using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by confirmation of thecompounds using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCIMS) and liquidchromatography mass spectrometry (LCIMS). The study revealed the presence ofcinnamic acid derivatives, which were measured at 320 nm. These included chlorogenic,p-cournaric, caffeic, ferulic acids and rutin hydrate. Benzoic acid derivatives, which wereidentified as protocatechuic, gentisic, p-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids were alsopresent when measured at 260 nrn. Hydrolysis of the sample did not affect the chromatographic pattern obtained indicating the stability of the phenolic compounds inthe POME filtrate. Flavan-3-01 groups (catechins) were identified from ytterbiumprecipitation method. Four fractions have been isolated from POME filtrate based onflash chromatography coupled with uv/vis detection. The antioxidative activity of eachh t i o n was then evaluated. All the POME fractions demonstrated excellent antioxidativeactivity in all the assays used. This is especially true for both Fractions 3 and 4. Fraction1 exhibited highest antioxidative activity based on reducing assay followed by Fraction 3indicating the excellent metal chelating ability of the phenolics in these hctions. ThePOME fractions were found to contain different levels of total phenolics, which did notnecessarily correspond to the strength of antioxidative activity, measured for eachhction. Fraction 3 showed strong free radical scavenger and phenolic content was alsohigh. Fraction 2 showed low antioxidant activity, while total phenolic content was low.However, Fraction 4 showed high antioxidant activity with low total phenolic content.This indicates the presence of different phenolic compounds in the different hctions.Results showed that Fraction 1 contained an unknown polar compound andprotocatechuic acid with strong metal chelating activity, Fraction 2 was rich in phydroxybenzoicacid, Fraction 3 contained three unknown cinnamic acid derivatives andFraction 4 contained known cinnamic acid derivatives compounds including p-coumaricacid, rutin hydrate and ferulic acid with lower polarity. The cinnamics in Fraction 3consistently exhibited higher antioxidative properties compared with benzoics in Fraction2. Combination study of the fractions revealed that mixture of Fraction 3 and ascorbicacid had better hx radical scavenging activity. However, the synergistic effect wasobserved only at low concentration of 2.5 and 5 mgll of Fraction 3 and ascorbic acid. The individual compounds of Fraction 3 (cimamic acid derivatives) including Compounds14, 15 and 16 exhibited the highest ike radical scavenging activity. Highest antioxidativeactivity was also measured when Compounds 15 and 16 were combined (doublecombined) while for triple combinations, the highest activity was seen with Compounds13, 14, and 15 at 15 mgA of total phenolic contents. The results showed that there was asynergistic effect between the compounds in particular those in Fraction 3. GCMS andLC/MS were employed to confirm identifj of unknown compounds in Fraction 3. Threecompounds in Fraction 3 were observed to exhibit similar absorbance spectra usingHPLC with diode array detection. LC/MS revealed presence of dimer with maximummolecular weight of 335 dz. GCMS revealed the presence of compounds with a generalcinnamic acid structure and derivatives with silylate group. Antioxidative activity of thecompounds was in the following order, Compound 14 > Compound 16 > Compound 15.Compounds 14, 15 and 16 were tentatively identified as 2,4dihydroxycimamic acid, 2,sdihydroxycinnarnicacid and 2,3dihydroxycinnamic acid." @default.
• W985225536 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W985225536 creator A5036182347 @default.
• W985225536 date "2006-01-01" @default.
• W985225536 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W985225536 title "Isolation, Identification and Antioxidative Activity OfPhenolics in Palm Oil Mill Effluent" @default.
• W985225536 hasPublicationYear "2006" @default.
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