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- W98532157 abstract "The chlorophyll cycle refers to the interconversion of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b that occurs within the chloroplasts of higher plants. The forward reaction that converts chlorophyll a to b is catalyzed by chlorophyllide a oxygenase. The backward reaction from chlorophyll b to a is catalyzed by a recently identified enzyme, chlorophyll b reductase, and an unidentified enzyme, which is hypothetically named 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase. The chlorophyll cycle plays two important physiological roles: (a) the chlorophyll cycle adjusts the ratio of the peripheral antenna to the core antenna, and (b) it facilitates the degradation of chlorophyll b, light-harvesting complexes, and thylakoid membranes during leaf senescence. In this article, we summarize the research history, the functions, and the regulation of the chlorophyll cycle. Furthermore, we discuss the evolution of the chlorophyll cycle. Recent progresses in evolutionary aspect are emphasized: those include (a) the discovery of the Prochlorococcus gene for chlorophyllide a oxygenase, (b) the presumable gene separation which occurred in the Prasinophyceae, and (c) the duplication and diversification of the genes encoding chlorophyll b reductase. In addition, our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of chlorophyll a to b conversion is described and covers topics such as: (a) transcriptional regulation of chlorophyllide a oxygenase in response to light intensities, (b) the mechanism of chlorophyll b-dependent feedback regulation of chlorophyllide a oxygenase which mechanism involves Clp protease, and (c) the close coordination of the chlorophyll cycle activity and the construction of the photosynthetic machinery. Finally, recent progress in the study of chlorophyll b to a conversion is summarized, the major topic of which is the identification of the genes encoding two isoforms of chlorophyll b reductase." @default.
- W98532157 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W98532157 creator A5013151990 @default.
- W98532157 creator A5084323594 @default.
- W98532157 creator A5090502623 @default.
- W98532157 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W98532157 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
- W98532157 title "Chapter 4 Regulation and Functions of the Chlorophyll Cycle" @default.
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