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- W98536484 abstract "Publisher SummaryT- and B-cell responses are largely regulated by structure, dose, localization, and duration of the availability of antigen. The general rules that define T- and B-cell responses and their dependence upon antigen structure, localization, dose, and how long it is available are that the conventional immune responses of T and B cells can only be induced in organized secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and the spleen; and that the T cells react against cell-associated antigens that are localized in secondary lymphoid organs in sufficient amounts and for a period of at least 2–5 days. Resistance to infections is based primarily on nonspecific mechanisms, such as interferons, defensins, natural immunity, including complement, natural antibodies, and natural killer cells, activated phagocytes, and many additional mechanisms. These nonspecific resistance mechanisms are responsible for the major part of host defense. T-cell-mediated immunity can be monitored by the injection of antigen intracutaneously in some infectious diseases. This skin test measures delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) mediated by T cells. This DTH reaction empirically reveals an immune status only for TB, leprosy, and perhaps sarcoidosis. DTH reactions against most viruses cannot assess the immune status because on the one hand, the DTH antigen is not antigenic or is degraded. On the other hand, an alternative explanation, documented by experiments in mice, indicates that the preactivated T cells are often absent that are needed for a DTH to develop within 48 hr. Thus, readily inducible DTH probably signals the persistence of antigen linked to an active infectious process." @default.
- W98536484 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W98536484 date "2003-01-01" @default.
- W98536484 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W98536484 title "Part C - Immunological Memory and Vaccines against Acute Cytopathic and Noncytopathic Infections" @default.
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