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• W98709077 endingPage "218" @default.
• W98709077 startingPage "197" @default.
• W98709077 abstract "Cyclooxygenases (COX) also known as prostaglandin (PG) synthases, are present in two forms, COX-1 and COX-2. Whereas COX-1 is responsible for cytoprotective functions in a number of organs, COX-2, which is normally absent at basal levels, is induced under certain conditions including pathophysiological states like acute inflammation, arthritis, as well as in cancer and cancer-related angiogenesis. Overexpression of COX-2 enhances PGE2 synthesis, thereby resulting in increased cellular proliferation, which is an important role for the molecule in cancer progression. In addition, increased PGE2 levels protect the cancer cells from the deleterious effects of ionization radiation (IR). COX-2 expression is tightly controlled under normal conditions. At the transcriptional level, COX-2 gene expression is controlled by multiple elements in a 800-bp region proximal to the transcription start site. Many cellular transcription factors bind these elements to regulate the COX-2 gene transcription. Among them, the key factors are NF-kB and b-catenin. Of these, b-catenin is especially interesting because it can egulate COX-2 both directly by binding to the promoter elements as a comples with either TCF-4/LEF or p300, or indirectly by inducing expression of PEA-3, which subsequently binds to its cognate element in the COX-2 promoter to induce transcription. COX-2 mRNA is also tightly regulated at the post-transcriptional levels of mRNA stability and translation. This is mediated by AU-rich sequence elements located in the 3¢UTR of the COX-2 mRNA. Multiple RNA binding proteins have been identified that bind to the AU-rich sequences in the COX-2 3¢-UTR to mediate this process. HuR, a ubiquitously expressed protein, is overexpressed in colon and other cancer cells, and it increases the stability and translation of COX-2 mRNA. In contrast, CUGBP2 is induced in cells undergoing apoptosis and it inhibits translation of COX-2 mRNA. Another protein that have been identified induce the translation is hnRNPA1, whereas those that inhibit the translation are TIA1, TTP, TIAR, and AUF1." @default.
• W98709077 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W98709077 creator A5035668092 @default.
• W98709077 creator A5036779154 @default.
• W98709077 date "2007-11-03" @default.
• W98709077 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W98709077 title "Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Expression" @default.
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