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- W988073913 abstract "This chapter discusses Norovirus and sapovirus, basic microbiology, origin and taxonomy, metabolism and physiology, clinical features, pathogenicity and virulence, treatment, survival in the environment, methods of detection, epidemiology of waterborne outbreaks, and finally, risk assessment. Clinical symptoms of norovirus are generally mild and self-limiting: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and fever that last for 1–3 days. Mortality is rare and has occurred mainly in people with pre-existing conditions and the elderly. Sapovirus causes gastroenteritis in which diarrhoea is the more predominating feature. Transmission is faecal-oral, either person to person or through a common source such as water or food. Aerosolization from vomitus is a source of infection as well. Secondary spread can be high in noroviruses but apparently uncommon in sapoviruses. An infectious dose of 10 PCR-detectable units has been shown through oral ingestion. Moreover, Noroviruses have recently been identified in aquatic samples. These have also been identified in sewage, effluent, river and seawater. Noroviruses have been found in groundwater and bottled mineral water samples." @default.
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- W988073913 date "2004-01-01" @default.
- W988073913 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W988073913 title "Norovirus and sapovirus" @default.
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- W988073913 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012551570-2/50032-x" @default.
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