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• W98952022 abstract "The process by which warfighters assemble information, analyze it, make decisions, and direct their units has challenged commanders since beginning of warfare. Starting with Vietnam War, they faced a new challenge--commanding their units before a television camera. Today, commanders at all levels can count on operating (1) on a global stage before a live camera that never blinks. This changed environment has a profound on how strategic leaders make their decisions and how warfighters direct their commands. The impact of this kind of media coverage has been dubbed the CNN effect, referring to widely available round-the-clock broadcasts of Cable News Network. The term was born in controversy. In 1992 President Bush's decision to place troops in Somalia after viewing media coverage of starving refugees was sharply questioned. Were American really at stake? Was CNN deciding where military goes next? Less than a year later, President Clinton's decision to withdraw US troops after scenes were televised of a dead American serviceman being dragged through streets of Mogadishu seemed to confirm power of CNN. Today, with proliferation of 24/7 networks, impact of CNN alone may have diminished, but collective presence of round-the-clock coverage has continued to grow. In this article, term the CNN effect represents collective impact of all real-time coverage--indeed, that is what term has come to mean generally. The advent of real-time coverage has led to immediate public awareness and scrutiny of strategic decisions and military operations as they unfold. Is this a net gain or loss for strategic leaders and warfighters? The military welcomes awareness but is leery of scrutiny. The fourth estate's vast resources offer commanders exceptional opportunities. Yet press--including both print and electronic media--still receives mixed reviews from military. Many in military view media's intrusion as a potential operational risk and, perhaps, a career risk. But military needs media to keep Americans informed and engaged in order to garner public support for its operations. The CNN thus is a double-edged sword--a strategic enabler and a potential operational risk. This article begins with an analysis of evolution of military-media relationship in television age. That analysis will provide basis for some insights on why military and media have such a tenuous, distrustful relationship. In spite of their mutual suspicions, this article will argue that military needs media now more than ever. Thus, strategic leaders and senior warfighters should explore how they can best work with media as an enabler while mitigating potential operational risks. Military-Media Relations: A Look Back General Andrew J. Goodpaster (USA Ret.), former Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, succinctly summarized relationship between military and media: While there is--or should be--a convergence of in providing to public accurate information about our armed forces and what they do, there is at same time an inherent clash of (especially acute when men are fighting and dying) between military leaders responsible for success in battle and for lives of their commands, and a media intensely competitive in providing readers and viewers with quick and vivid news and opinion. (2) If one views media as representing people in Clausewitz's trinity (generally, if somewhat inaccurately, characterized as people, military, and government), first half of General Goodpaster's statement regarding a natural convergence of interests rings true. In a perfect world, with media serving as lens for American people, nation needs media to ensure equilibrium among people, its elected officials, and its subordinate military. …" @default.
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• W98952022 date "2001-03-30" @default.
• W98952022 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W98952022 title "The CNN Effect: Stretegic Enabler or Operational Risk?" @default.
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• W98952022 doi "https://doi.org/10.21236/ada394687" @default.
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