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- W990187908 abstract "This chapter discusses the structures and functions of DNA, RNA, genes, and chromosomes. DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, a double-stranded macromolecule (double helix) containing the organism's genetic information (genetic code). Its chemical structure allows the inheritable characteristics to be passed on to the next generation of cells. These properties of DNA form the basis for molecular medicine. The genetic code in DNA is represented by nucleotide triplets called codons. RNA is different from DNA in three ways, namely, the nucleotide base thymine is replaced by uracil, the backbone is ribose rather than the 2´-deoxyribose of DNA, and RNA is usually single stranded. RNA also shows tissue-specificity, thereby the relevant mRNA can be isolated only from a tissue that is transcriptionally active in terms of the target protein. Eukaryotic genes are usually discontinuous that have coding regions called exons, broken up by non-coding regions called introns. During the process of transcription, the entire gene sequence is copied, and then the introns are removed by a process known as splicing. Chromosomes are thread-like elements in the cell nucleus. Each chromosome has a constriction called the centromere, which divides chromosomes into short and long arms. The tip of each chromosome is the telomere, which comprises mainly tandem DNA repeats, and the size of the telomere is maintained by an enzyme known as telomerase." @default.
- W990187908 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W990187908 date "2005-01-01" @default.
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- W990187908 title "DNA, RNA, GENES AND CHROMOSOMES" @default.
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- W990187908 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012699057-7/50002-3" @default.
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