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• W1000141373 abstract "IntroductionIn July 2012, the Department of Justice (DOJ) announced record health care fraud settlement: GlaxoSmithKline would pay $3 billion, in part to resolve allegations that the company engaged in off-label promotion of pharmaceutical drugs such as Paxil and Wellbutrin.1 According to both the DOJ and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), promoting drug for an off-label use is violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA)'s misbranding provisions.2 In one of many allegations against GlaxoSmithKline, the government contended that the company unlawfully promoted Paxil for pediatric use, despite the fact that it was only approved for treating depression in individuals eighteen years of age and older.3 Other recent high-dollar settlements in off-label promotion cases include pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly's settlement for an excess of $1.4 billion4 and Pfizer's settlement for $2.3 billion.5The FDA generally prohibits marketing drugs for unapproved uses through criminal enforcement under the FDCA's misbranding provisions.6 Although it is the government's position that off-label promotion is illegal, the constitutionality of such regulatory system is contested and unsettled. The Second Circuit recently held that to prevent pharmaceutical company from promoting lawful, albeit off-label, use of drug violates that company's right to free speech.7 The DOJ has resisted such an interpretation and continues to pursue claims against companies for engaging in this conduct.8 Adding more uncertainty, the Ninth Circuit recently upheld wire fraud conviction related to off-label promotion, despite the defendant's argument that he had First Amendment right to circulate a plausible scientific opinion about an off-label use.9 Inconsistencies surrounding the constitutionality of enforcement of the FDCA's misbranding provisions present uncertainty for the pharmaceutical industry that is untenable.Constitutionality aside, it remains topic of debate whether off-label promotion should be prohibited from policy standpoint. There is widely acknowledged public interest in disseminating information about the medical efficacy of drugs,10 and should companies have to wait for FDA approval before circulating this information, the resulting delay might prevent individuals from receiving possible treatments not otherwise available. But at the same time, there is potential for abuse of off-label promotion. Critics argue that, left unregulated, pharmaceutical companies might utilize loopholes in the system, and this behavior could threaten the integrity of the current FDA-approval system and have deleterious effects on consumers of drugs for off-label uses. This Note sets forth the competing interests and proposes that the FDA implement two-tiered disclaimer system that would allow the medical community to benefit from off-label uses while simultaneously encouraging pharmaceutical companies to secure FDA approval for these uses.Part I examines the current regulatory scheme in place for off-label promotion and the possible benefits and consequences of allowing the promotion of off-label uses. Part II discusses how current case law regarding commercial speech threatens the government's off-label- promotion prosecution scheme. Part III examines the current guidance- driven system and proposes possible solution to address both the possible unconstitutionality and the policy implications of blanket ban: The FDA could implement two-tiered disclaimer system for off-label promotions.I. An Overview of Misbranding and Off-Label PromotionDespite all the agitation about off-label promotion and the monetary settlements that pharmaceutical companies have paid, nowhere in the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act is off-label promotion expressly prohibited.11 Rather, the government has read into the FDCA's misbranding provisions prohibition of off-label promotion.A. The FDCA's Misbranding Provisions and the Government's Theory of ProsecutionThe FDA must approve drug for specific use before that drug can be introduced into interstate commerce. …" @default.
• W100014202 abstract "A delayed splenic hemorrhage from a subcapsular hematoma occurred in association with pregnancy. That rare complication carries a high mortality rate, is rarely diagnosed preoperatively and is correctly diagnosed only 20% of the time. The clinical setting and a high index of suspicion led us to investigate for the presence of a splenic hematoma. A computed tomographic scan was invaluable in establishing the diagnosis. We adopted a conservative approach and followed the patient's clinical course from 28 to 40 weeks' gestation, until she delivered vaginally. In general, patient management (conservative vs. splenectomy) and mode of delivery will depend on how close one is to the initial event, on the patient's and fetus's clinical condition and on the gestational age." @default.
• W1000142350 abstract "research project titled La Historia Moderna en Espana apartir de su bibliografia. Analisis y valoracion de las citas en revistas y actas de congresos, funded by theSpanish Ministry of Education and Science under references BFF 2003-09511-C02-01 and BFF 2003-09511-C02-02 and conducted jointly by Carlos III University, the Institute of History’s Early Modern HistoryDepartment and CINDOC (Information and Scientific Documentation Centre), of CSIC (National SpanishResearch Council)" @default.
• W100014248 abstract "A rare case of ruptured dermoid in the region of corpus callosum and lateral ventricle is reported. The CT scan appearance of multiple fat density lesions in the subarachnoid space along with a non-enhancing cyst with or without calcification is pathognomonic of a ruptured dermoid cyst. Early intervention and excision of the dermoid cyst with washing of subarachnoid space and systemic steroids help to reduce the morbidity and mortality." @default.
• W1000142601 abstract "Pretende-se versar sobre a questao da informalidade como um modo de vida, um conceito que, em suas multiplas manifestacoes, surge no debate internacional, aos fins dos 1960 e torna-se um dos elementos fundamentais para a compreensao do mercado de trabalho no Brasil contemporâneo, nos outros paises subdesenvolvidos e mesmo no mundo desenvolvido. No Brasil, a ponte entre a informalidade e o desenvolvimento socioeconomico sera entendida como a dinâmica historica da formacao social capitalista brasileira. Esta dinâmica pode ser condensada, no que se refere ao sentido do desenvolvimento, como a interdependencia entre moderno e arcaico, manifestada ora na forma de complementaridade, ora de antagonismo aberto e insuperavel, mas sempre no sentido de mutualidade mediante constante reinvencao do moderno e do arcaico no processo historico. Por meio dessa interpretacao, encontrar-se-a o espaco em que se reproduzem as relacoes entre um sujeito historico especifico, criador de um Estado nacional cujo funcionamento e igualmente peculiar. Enfocando a questao do trabalho, essa relacao contemporaneamente se reproduz em meio a um Processo de Informalidade, ou seja, de formas dinâmicas e subordinadas de organizacao da producao exercidas pelo bloqueio da racionalizacao das relacoes entre esferas publica e privada. Ao capturar o sentido deste trabalhador informal e sujeito historico, em busca de padroes de sociabilidade distintos dos espacos formais da economia e possivel avancar na compreensao de sua condicao informal, bem como dos limites e possibilidades transformadores para o desenvolvimento nacional Abstract" @default.
• W1000143224 abstract "We will define a high-mass star as one with a final mass of greater than 10 M⊙. On the main sequence this group would include stars of spectral type O, B0, and B1. Although stars in this mass range are few in number compared with low-mass stars, they are extremely important with regard to galactic chemical evolution and the physics of the interstellar medium. Stars in this mass range (actually down to about 8 M⊙) evolve to become Type II supernovae which produce and eject a significant amount of the heavy-element material in the Galaxy. The heavy elements act as cooling agents in the interstellar gas, promoting the formation of later generations of stars. The UV radiation from the massive stars and the concomitant generation of HII regions, along with strong stellar winds, and eventually supernovae remnants stir, energize, and heat the ISM, producing fascinating observable structures. The resulting dynamical effects are thought, in some cases, to induce the formation of a new generation of stars in the surrounding medium (Chap. 2). On the other hand, the resulting ionization and heating can erode nearby molecular cloud material and suppress subsequent star formation in the neighborhood. The brightness of HII regions allows them to be a useful tool in estimating the star formation rate in distant galaxies. The UV radiation from massive stars can have a significant effect on the evaporation of protostellar disks around lower-mass stars in the same cluster." @default.
• W1000143249 abstract "Isang Yun's oratorio My Land My People is organized in four movements, and is scored for orchestra, solo voice and choir. Movements are titled as follows: Rjoksa (History), Hyon-Shil I (Presence I), Hyon-shil II (Presence II), and Mi-rae (Future). This document only covers from measures 1-38 of the first section of the first movement of this work. Even though this work is atonal, the composer emphasizes a harmonically moving, tonal sonority: interval class five includes perfect 4th and 5th, quintal-quartal harmony and authentic cadence moving dominant to tonic. Also, in this document, a comparison with Korean traditional music elements is included to support Isang Yun's musical features." @default.
• W1000143385 abstract "Publisher Summary The severe computational requirements for the numerical simulation of high frequency electromagnetism problems led to a strong interest for parallel processing in this domain. This chapter focuses on the design and analysis of a parallel implementation for finite element approximations of such problems on multiple instructions, multiple data (MIMD) distributed-memory computers. Single process, multiple data (SPMD) programming model was used with a message passing mechanism for communications. The algorithm works in two steps. During the first step, the assembly constructs the linear system associated with the approximation method; and during the second step, it solves the system created. These two steps are sequentially performed and use the same distributed data structure to store the matrix of the linear system. The parallelisms induced by each of these two steps are discussed in the chapter. The choice of a symmetric variational formulation allows one to reduce the total amount of elementary computation and the storage. However, it is more difficult to achieve a good parallel efficiency in this context of symmetry for 3D problems; this chapter mainly focuses on this difficulty and in particular optimizes the first step (load balancing and communication) with respect to a well suited distribution of data for the linear solver chosen in the second step." @default.
• W100014386 abstract "Tracking abdominal motion of organs is an important factor in image-guided navigation systems. The paper presents the evaluation methodology of a practical approach to measure liver motion, both respiratory and laparoscopic, with a tool guided in the operating room.Evaluation of the methodology of a practical approach to measure liver motion, both respiratory and laparoscopic, with a tool guided in the operating room.The presented evaluation method is based on standard operating room equipment, i.e. laparoscopic cameras. We decided to use two rigid cameras to gain stereo in order to reconstruct characteristic points by triangulation. Our research aim was to survey the impact of three parameters on reconstruction accuracy: the number of calibration points, the imprecision of camera assembly, and the difference in resolution of images.Three calibration chessboard configurations were tested. The reconstructed landmark positions and residual mean square errors were presented in three phantom poses: the reference position, translated position and rotated position.The presented approach is a development of the previous work. Our research proved the importance of a rigid stereo camera system and the use of high definition image resolution for both stages, namely calibration and reconstruction." @default.
• W1000144535 abstract "This chapter traces the history and discusses the current state of 3-D surface characterization. In the early 1980s many researchers in the academic community were experimenting with the characterization of surfaces in 3 dimensions. The group at Coventry developed a system of hardware with supporting software, which eventually became the first prototype for the first commercial software package and provided the first comprehensive range of surface visualization techniques. During the period of development of the more traditional stylus type instrumentation huge progress was made in the USA with regard to the development of optical interferometric systems. These systems were capable at a very early stage (in advance of commercial 3-D stylus systems) of rapid 3D surface measurement on a range of relatively smooth surfaces and the manufacturers aimed their instrumentation at the burgeoning silicon wafer market and to a lesser extent the optics industries. These instruments were the first group of real stand-alone 3D surface measurement instruments and have made a great impact in the field of surface characterization." @default.
• W1000144944 abstract "Journal Article TAKING STOCK: FOOD MARKETING REFORM IN RWANDA, 1982–89 Get access JOHAN POTTIER JOHAN POTTIER Johan Pottier is a member of the Department of Social Anthropology School of Oriental and african Studies, University of London. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 92, Issue 366, January 1993, Pages 5–30, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098605 Published: 01 January 1993" @default.
• W100014498 abstract "Big Wells field, 75 miles southwest of San Antonio, is producing from a large stratigraphic trap in a San Miguel Sand of the Upper Cretaceous Taylor Formation. Ranging from 5,300 to 5,800 ft in depth, it covers approx. 30,500 acres (25,400 oil, 5,100 gas) in an area 14 miles long and 3 miles wide. Estimated oil in place in 200 MM bbl. Since discovery in Jan. 1969, 210 oil wells on 80-acre spacing and 7 gas-cap wells have been drilled. Interpreted as being deposited as an offshore bar, the San Miguel Sand is very fine grained with average porosity 19%, average permeability 7.46 md, average net pay 12.4 ft, and average water saturation 54.4%. Although parts of Big Wells field have adequate sand conditions to produce commercially, most of the field was made economically producible through the use of the super-frac technique, utilizing large volumes of sand suspended in heavy hot oil. Prior to Big Wells, the San Miguel trend was considered a high risk trend because of tight sand conditions and a history of small fields." @default.
• W1000145 abstract "Introduction: The aim is to establish recommendations on prophylaxis and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in a General Hospital. Method: A bibliographic research was performed through the main databases. Limiting with MesH terms, adult population. Results: Risk stratification Apfel model is one of the easiest to employ. Ondansetron, droperidol and dexamethasone have shown their efficacy in prophylaxis and treatment of PONV. In prophylaxis, it is recommended ondansetron 4 mg at the end of the surgery, dexamethasone 4 mg before anesthetic induction and droperidol 0.625-1.25 mg at the end of the surgery. Multimodal prophylaxis is recommended for moderate-high risk patients. For rescue treatment it should be employed a different drug from the used in prophylaxis. Discussion: The establishment of protocols for PONV could reduce incidents of associated patient complications, medical variability and related costs" @default.
• W100014517 abstract "A quarter of century following the prediction that mRNAs are translated in a circular form, recent biochemical and genetic evidence has accumulated to support the idea that communication between the termini of an mRNA is necessary to promote translation initiation. The poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) interacts with the cap-associated eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4G (in yeast and plants) and eIF4B (in plants), a functional consequence of which is to increase the affinity of PABP for poly(A) and to increase the affinity of the cap-binding complex, eIF4F (of which eIF4G is a subunit) for the 5' cap structure. In mammals, PABP interacts with a novel PABP-interacting protein that also binds eIF4A. The interaction between PABP and those initiation factors associated with the 5' terminus of an mRNA may also explain the role of PABP during mRNA turnover, as it protects the 5' cap from attack by Dcp1p, the decapping enzyme. Several of those mRNAs that have evolved functional equivalents to a cap or a poly(A) tail nevertheless require a functional interaction between terminal regulatory elements similar to that observed between the 5' cap and poly(A) tail, suggesting that efficient translation is predicated on communication between largely-separated regulatory elements within an mRNA." @default.
• W100014528 abstract "Designing privacy-aware systems gains much attention in recent years. One of the main issues for the protection of users’ privacy is the proper selection and realization of the respective Privacy Enhancing Technologies for the realization of the privacy requirements identified in the design phase. The selection of PETs must be conducted in a way that best fits the organization’s needs as well as other organization’s criteria like cost, complexity etc. In this paper the PriS method, which is used for incorporating security and privacy requirements early in the system development process, is extended by combining knowledge from a soft computing approach in order to improve the way that respective PETs are selected for the realization of the respective requirements incorporated during the design phase." @default.
• W100014542 abstract "Internal carotid artery kinking is frequently accompanied by atheromatous disease at the carotid bifurcation, and in this case both lesions may be treated simultaneously. Various surgical techniques have been used to correct carotid kinking but no particular one has been widely established. We conducted a retrospective review of 18 patients operated upon for internal carotid kinking during the last 5 years, which represents 4.1 per cent of the total carotid procedures performed during the same period. In 13 of the 18 patients carotid endarterectomy was performed before the repair of the kink. In four patients resection of the kinked segment with end-to-end anastomosis was performed combined with longitudinal arteriotomy at the carotid bifurcation. Two patients developed restenosis at the site of anastomosis requiring reoperation with patch angioplasty. Three patients were treated with eversion endarterectomy and end-to-side anastomosis, whereas in six patients we performed resection of the redundant internal carotid artery combined with longitudinal arteriotomy at the bifurcation. The posterior wall was reconstructed with interrupted sutures and the procedure was completed with patch angioplasty of the anterior wall. In four of these cases we used the autogenous resected arterial segment as patch material. None of these patients developed restenosis or symptoms in a follow-up period of 3 to 32 months. In cases in which significant carotid artery stenosis and internal carotid kinking coexist resection of the involved segment with end-to-end anastomosis of the posterior wall and patch angioplasty using the resected autogenous arterial segment constitute a convenient and satisfactory method of reconstruction." @default.
• W1000145445 abstract "Purpose of review The National Pediatric Quality Improvement Collaborative (NPCQIC) was established to improve outcomes and quality of life in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and other single ventricle lesions requiring a Norwood operation. The NPCQIC consists of a network of providers and families collecting longitudinal data, conducting research, and using quality improvement science to decrease variations in care, develop and spread best practices, and decrease mortality. Recent findings Initial descriptive investigation of the collaborative data found interstage care process variations, different surgical strategies, diverse feeding practices, and variable ICU approaches between centers and within sites. Analysis and evaluation of these practice variations have allowed centers to learn from each other and implement change to improve processes. There has been an improvement in performance measures and most importantly, a 39.7% reduction in mortality. Summary The NPCQIC has shown, in a rare disease such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome that a network based on multicenter collaboration, patient (parent) engagement, and quality improvement science can facilitate change in practices and improvement in outcomes." @default.
• W1000147 abstract "The main aim of the paper was to obtain new reactive dyes with a minimum impact on the environment and on the human health. The synthesized reactive dyes are based on s-triazine reactive system, and they're dyeing cotton in red, violet, and blue shades. The new dyes were analyzed by specific physico-chemical methods (e.g., thin layer chromatography, absorption spectroscopy in UV-VIS range, photocolorimetry) and then were applied on cotton. The coloristical performances of the studied dyes were analyzed by the well known standardized tests (dyeing intensity, light fastness, water fastness, acid perspiration fastness, wet and drying rubbing fastness). The results allow us to appreciate that the new dyes have physico-chemical and coloristical performances at the level of the actual marks marketed in the world." @default.
• W100014769 abstract "The waste-to-energy (WTE) plant was once looked at as a black box by consulting engineers, plant owners, and contract attorneys. Little concern was given to the equipment and its performance as long as the plant operator achieved acceptance test requirements and met contractual guarantees. Too much attention to these issues was viewed as interference with private operators. Changing environmental regulations and a maturing industry, however, have increased emphasis on annual or more frequent inspections of WTE facilities by independent consulting engineers. Here the authors discuss the general methodology of the plant inspection process and illustrate why such plant inspections are necessary and what benefits result for owners." @default.
• W1000148422 abstract "Vehicle recognition system (VRS) plays a very important role in the field of intelligent transportation systems.A novel and intuitive method is proposed for vehicle location.The method we provide for vehicle location is based on human visual perception model technique. The perception color space HSI in this algorithm is adopted.Three color components of a color image and more potential edge patterns are integrated for solving the feature extraction problem.A fast and automatic threshold technique based on human visual perception model is also developed.The vertical edge projection and horizontal edge projection are adopted for locating left-right boundary of vehicle and top-bottom boundary of vehicle, respectively. Very promising experimental results are obtained using real-time vehicle image sequences, which have confirmed that this proposed location vehicle method is efficient and reliable, and its calculation speed meets the needs of the VRS." @default.
• W1000148580 abstract "Find resources for architecture, including books, journal articles, images, plans and drawings. Events, Blogs, Competitions" @default.
• W100014870 abstract "A central extension of DY h(gl2) is proposed. The bosonization of level 1 module and vertex operators are also given." @default.
• W100014886 abstract "The paper analyzes the state and perspectives of development of the scientific potential in Bulgaria and its role for establishing knowledge economy. It proves that the shortage of financial means for financing the science has had a negative effect on its development. The existing tendencies in the development of the scientific potential show that the developing processes are alarming, and that the shortage of financial means will have quite unfavorable consequences on the scientific potential in Bulgaria. The paper discusses one of the most significant problems for the scientific potential in Bulgaria – “brain drain”. It concerns the large emigrant wave, ranging mostly young scientists and highly qualified specialists. The paper concludes that even the most complex problems of the society can be solved through increasing the investments in science and creating proper conditions for development of the scientific potential of the nation." @default.
• W100014974 abstract "Sweden produced its first microcomputer in the early 1970s. That created a discussion within our school system about the possible use of technology as a pedagogical and intellectual tool to support teachers and students, to enhance the quality of learning and to augment cognitive development. The National Board of Education, together with universities and colleges, conducted many research projects on using computers as a pedagogical aid. This provided Sweden with a basic foundation for deciding how to utilize computers in its schools and in which educational areas to invest. The National Board of Education also drew up a set of guidelines specifying requirements for computer equipment for both the compulsory and upper-secondary schools, based on the forecasted pedagogical uses. And in 1983 the first parliamentary action program was taken by the government. Upper-secondary schools received state subsidies to purchase computer equipment that complied with specifications. Today every compulsory school has a minimum of eight computers in a lab and every upper-secondary school has two labs of 16 computers operating in a network. In 1985, the Ministry of Education, of which I was a member, formed two working groups. Our task was to write a national strategy on how to use computers in education and to suggest general guidelines on how to develop educational software. Our work, summarized in a 1988 report, resulted in a three-year government project, presently running. The contents of this article discuss, partly from my personal point of view, some of our findings. Most of them are also valid for the strategy employed in the other Scandinavian countries. Changing Goals Now that humankind has invented a powerful machine to support its brain power, our society is successively changing from an industrial to a post-industrial one. For example, more than half of the Swedish population produces, with the help of computers, different stages of products instead of traditional material goods. This innovation has had, and will continue to have, great impact on determining our goals for education. Schools are often conservative, having based their organization and methods on traditions from ancient times. In fact, the number of students in a classroom was first defined by Socrates, who managed to keep 30 listeners in the shade of a palm tree. From this, the modern classroom and its methods emanated. A helpful metaphor for visualizing the changing ambitions of our school system is the education pyramid. The lowest level is a data school where the aim is to teach passive students by rote drill via an active teacher. This bottom step is still a valid goal for many. The middle level aims to create meaningfulness, to teach students how to analyze data. This is often termed an information school. At the top of the pyramid is the knowledge-based school, in which students are taught how to synthesize and apply it to other areas. It is this level we are presently aiming towards in Sweden. Schools cannot reach their new higher cognitive goals without the help of modern technology. This is my, and the Swedish, cardinal point. The same need for better efficiency and productivity has forced industry, authorities, institutions, etc. to integrate technology into their administration and production. In most cases, computers have radically affected the system's organization, the type of knowledge required, and the roles of those working within it. New kinds of jobs need a highly qualified labor force and researchers that can apply their thinking to new, emerging subject areas. These facts simply demand another kind of education and new goals for the educational system. In addition, technology can help students reach a higher quality of learning. A majority of students do not learn more than half of the contents in the subject areas they studied, yet they pass their exams. …" @default.
• W100014976 abstract "Facebook merupakan laman sosial yang paling popular di Malaysia. Populariti Facebook terserlah terutama dalam kalangan remaja. Turut menerima tempias keghairahan remaja menggunakan Facebook adalah golongan pelajar universiti Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji motif pelajar universiti menggunakan Facebook dan perhubungan motif dengan kekerapan penggunaan laman sosial ini. Satu survei terhadap 400 orang pelajar Universiti Sains Malaysia telah dijalankan dan data kemudiannya dianalisa secara kuantitatif. Analisa Faktor menghasilkan lima motif – merasa hebat berteman, menghiburkan, mengekalkan hubungan, menyertai komuniti maya dan memcari maklumat – bagi penggunaan Facebook. Kajian ini juga menguji perhubungan di antara kelimalima motif ini dengan kekerapan penggunaan Facebook yang diukur mengikut jumlah kawan di dalam akaun Facebook dan jumlah jam penggunaan Facebook dalam seminggu. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat tiga motif – iaitu merasa hebat berteman, menghiburkan dan mencari maklumat – didapati mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kekerapan penggunaan Facebook. Manakala motif menghiburkan adalah faktor penyumbang dominan yang signifikan kepada model regresi pengggunaan facebook dalam kajian ini." @default.
• W1000149840 abstract "Unlike other steroid hormone receptors, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is not considered an oncogene. In breast cancer, the estrogen receptor (ER) drives cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis, and the androgen receptor (AR) plays a similar role in prostate cancer. Accordingly, treatment of these diseases has focused on blocking steroid hormone receptor function. In contrast, glucocorticoids (GCs) work through GR to arrest growth and induce apoptosis in lymphoid tissue. Glucocorticoids are amazingly effective in this role, and have been deployed as the cornerstone of lymphoid cancer treatment for decades. Unfortunately, not all patients respond to GCs and dosage is restricted by immediate and long term side effects. In this chapter we review the treatment protocols that employ glucocorticoids as a curative agent, elaborate on what is known about their mechanism of action in these cancers, and also summarize the palliative uses of glucocorticoids for other cancers." @default.
• W100014986 abstract "In the presence of 5 microM-DL-propranolol and in HCO3(-)-containing buffers, 1 microM-adrenaline acutely stimulated protein synthesis by about 25% in the anterogradely perfused rat heart. This stimulation was opposed by low (1-10 nM) concentrations of prazosin, but not by similar concentrations of yohimbine, suggesting involvement of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor. Under the same conditions, adrenaline raised intracellular pH (pHi) by about 0.1 unit. The increase in pHi induced by adrenaline was prevented by 5 nM-prazosin, but not by 5 nM-yohimbine, again suggesting involvement of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor. Since an increase in pHi stimulates protein synthesis in the heart [Sugden & Fuller (1991) Biochem. J. 273, 339-346], the increase in pHi induced by adrenaline may be involved in its stimulation of protein synthesis. Adrenaline also increased phosphocreatine concentrations. As discussed, the increase in pHi induced by adrenaline may be responsible for this effect. Using second-order polynomial regression analysis, we showed that rates of protein synthesis were significantly correlated (P less than 0.0001) with phosphocreatine concentrations. We discuss two possible reasons for this correlation: (i) increases in pHi stimulate protein synthesis and separately raise phosphocreatine concentrations, or (ii) the increase in protein synthesis rates is a consequence of the raised phosphocreatine concentrations induced by the increase in pHi. Rates of protein synthesis were not significantly correlated with ATP/ADP concentration ratios, nor with any of the following: ATP, ADP, AMP or total adenine nucleotide concentrations. In freshly isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes, the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine (1 microM) prevented stimulation of protein synthesis by 0.3 microM-adrenaline (and by 1 microM-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or 1 m-unit of insulin/ml). The results are discussed within a mechanistic framework initiated by stimulation of the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids by alpha 1-adrenergic agonists." @default.
• W100015032 abstract "The derivation of the moment of inertia for the ground state nucleus given by Migdal in the quasi-classical approximation has been extended to the excited state case, i.e. T≠0. We have calculated K_0~2 , the parameter of the angular distribution of the fission fragments. The results arc compared with the experimental data. This shows that under the present approximation the anomalously small K_0~2 of fissioning nuclei in the uranium region at low excitation energy (Ecxc≤15 MeV) can be explained by introduction of the pairing effects in nuclei. Furthermore, the absence of the anomalous phenomena for fissioning nuclei near the lead region may be qualitatively interpreted by means of the dependence of pairing effects on angular momentum." @default.
• W100015041 abstract "Trevor Mabbett's comments on 'The Man on the Beat', a 1945 British Council film made in Ledsam Street, Ladywood, Birmingham." @default.
• W1000150816 abstract "以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和钛酸正丁酯(TBOT)为原料, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO 2 溶胶和TiO 2 溶胶, 利用浸渍提拉法制备了SiO 2 /TiO 2 双层减反膜. 用紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、椭圆偏振光谱仪和接触角测量仪等分析表征了薄膜的特性, 以光催化降解甲基橙溶液实验来评价薄膜的自洁功能, 考察了SiO 2 /TiO 2 双层减反膜的耐磨擦性. 结果表明, SiO 2 /TiO 2 双层减反膜在400~800nm可见光波段的透光率最高可达97.2%, 薄膜表面平整, 结构致密且粗糙度小, 经紫外灯照射后薄膜的水接触角接近0°, 光催化2h后可将5mg/L的甲基橙溶液降解43.6%. SiO 2 /TiO 2 减反膜还具有优良的耐磨擦性能." @default.
• W1000150938 abstract "Enzymatic synthesis of ethyloleate, from oleic acid and ethanol, catalyzed by an immobilized lipase from Mucor miehei, has been performed in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) and in n-hexane. Batch studies of initial velocities have allowed the investigation of protein stability, influence of water content and the reactional mechanism. A continuous packed bed reactor has been modelized, after generalization of the initial velocity equation, using a plug-flow reactor model. Finally, the complete reaction-separation process with recycling of the solvent has been examined in a small pilot plant with four post reactional separators." @default.
• W100015106 abstract "The physiological relevance and function of coagulation factor XII (FXII), the first zymogen in the intrinsic pathway, has for a long time been a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to shed ..." @default.
• W1000151419 abstract "Dr. Kurt Waldheim, Ex-Secretary General of the United Nations, had claimed that he was a student in Vienna recovering from a war wound in 1943. A newly discovered photograph showed Waldheim in Yugoslavia in 1943 talking with an SS General. The steps in evaluating the physical evidence on the photograph are detailed." @default.
• W1000151802 abstract "We systematically reviewed the study of tidal triggering of earthquakes in recent years,focusing on the relationship between phases of the moon and seismic activities,earthquakes triggered by tidal force and its components,statistics of tidal triggering of earthquake based on large sample.The relationship between phases of the moon and seismic activities is a preliminary study of tidal triggering of earthquakes,and the modulation ration is a quantitative description of it.Using decomposition of tidal stress to study seismic activities is a way to reveal the relation between the tides and earthquakes from mechanics.Large sample statistics is another way to study the relation between the tides and earthquakes from the view of statistics.In many statistical methods,Schuster′s test is used more widely,which takes into account many factors such as focal mechanism,tidal stress,statistic test to quantitatively analyse the impact of tidal triggering of earthquakes." @default.
• W100015204 abstract "Since it had been found that homocystine could support growth on a cystine-deficient diet in lieu of cystine (l), the oxidative fate of the sulfur of this compound was of interest to us. Furthermore, the possible relationship of this compound to the intermediary metabolism of methionine made such a study desirable. The surprising observation that the feeding of methionine to rats on a cystine-deficient diet results in a marked stimulation of growth was first made by Jackson and Block (2) and has been verified in other laboratories (3, 1). As pointed out by Butz and du Vigneaud (4), one might expect that homocystine would likewise support growth under these conditions if in the metabolism of methionine demethylation took place. The study of the substitution in the diet of methionine and cystine by homocystine was therefore undertaken with the results mentioned above (I), which we feel are in harmony with the idea just expressed in regard to the intermediary metabolism of methionine. It should be recalled that the lack of the growth-promoting powers of other disulfide acids such as @-dithiodipropionic, dithiodiglycolic, and a-dihydroxy-&dithiodipropionic acids has already been shown by Westerman and Rose (5), and therefore the behavior of the disulfide amino acid, homocystine, is all the more significant. The same view-point of the metabolism of methionine on the basis of evidence of an even more direct nature was independently arrived at by Virtue and Lewis (6, 7). These investigators made the interesting observation that after the feeding of methionine to rats and rabbits a positive test for the disulfide linkage was obtained" @default.
• W100015240 abstract "In the Netherlands the efficiency of mineral absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of farm animals is a topic of interest to reduce the mineral concentration in animal manure. This study was done with broilers. It was focused on physico-chemical chyme conditions. These conditions were related to the absorption of minerals. Carboxy methyl cellulose was used as a model substance to affect the intestinal viscosities. Retention time parameters, pH and osmolalities were recorded. The site of mineral (Na, K, Ca, P, and Mg) absorption and apparent absorption values up to successive gastrointestinal segments were determined. Effects of the intestinal viscosity were verified using wheat-based broiler diets. Dietary inclusion of carboxy methyl cellulose (up to 1%) increased the intestinal viscosity, the mean retention time and decreased the ileal pH. The absorption of small osmo-active chyme components was reduced, which was reflected in less variable osmolalities as the chyme moved from the proximal small intestine onwards. The main site of mineral absorption is between the duodenum and the lower jejunum. In these segments the absorption is negatively affected by the inclusion of carboxy methyl cellulose in the diet. It was discussed that the intestinal viscosity was the main cause for this reduction in mineral absorption. Negative effects were partially compensated in the ileum. Similar effects were shown in wheat-based diets, but effects were less pronounced." @default.
• W100015260 abstract "The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients with Verrucous carcinoma (VC) of oral cavity treated at the Chung Gung Memory Hospital with respect to the tumor control rates after surgery, the risk of lymph node metastasis and the role of radiation therapy.Thirty-eight patients underwent primary treatment for VC of the oral cavity from January 1996 through February 2002. All of the patients had surgery as their primary treatment. In addition, all patients with sufficient details of the therapy and a minimum 1-year follow-up were selected for evaluation of survival and outcomes.In this study, 94.7% of patients were male and most of them had been exposed to betel nuts, cigarettes, and/or alcohol. The most common site was the buccal mucosa (57.9%), followed by the tongue (13.2%). T3 lesions were the most common type (34.2%). Only two patients had palpable cervical adenopathy during the initial evaluation. Twenty-five patients had free flap for reconstruction. The tumor control rate was 100%. At the time of analysis, no patient had suffered from recurrence in primary site or neck area.Surgical excision alone was effective for controlling VC, but elective neck dissection was not necessary even in patients in the advanced stages." @default.
• W1000152778 abstract "Professor Feodor Orlov was one of the founders of the Moscow School of Applied Mechanics. His activities from the year 1872 until his death in 1892 were connected with the two biggest academies: the Moscow University and the Imperial Moscow Technical School (IMTS). He had graduated at the Moscow University and then worked there as an invited professor at the chair of applied mechanics. The chair of Applied Mechanics of IMTS (now TMM) has existed as an independent educational department since 1872, in other words, since the time when Orlov began to teach his course. In 1868, the Imperial Moscow Technical Secondary School (IMTS) was by law confirmed as the Supreme Educational School. It had the following divisions: Mechanical, Chemical and Mechanical-Building. The academy status required an important rise in the scientific level of all courses. Orlov’s main course was that of applied mechanics, which he, according to the Great Russian mathematician and mechanician Professor N. Zhukovsky, was the best in Russia. Moreover, Orlov prepared and read courses about thermodynamics, hydraulics, steam engines and the resistance of materials. The creating of the mechanic collection in the Moscow University and the IMTS was Orlov’s greatest service. In the IMTS (today it is called the Bauman Moscow State Technical University), the main part of this collection, gathered by Orlov, is housed. Orlov dreamt about going in for abstract mathematics. But his financial position made him spend most of his time working with applied disciplines. However, he had written a number of unique mathematical articles. He was one of the founders of the Polytechnic Society and its vice-president." @default.
• W1000153461 abstract "At limited area of smartphone display, it is critical that app icon should provide good recognition and user preference. Based on the key components of an icon, this study investigated app icon design across different mobile operating systems (Apple iOS, Google Android and Windows Phone 8, with different icon design principles respectively) to understand recognition performance and user preference of different icon types. In this study, current mobile apps icons collected from app stores were characterized and examined based on different composition of “stylization” (three categories: pictorial illustration, graphic rendering and graphic symbology) and “border shape” (two categories: open and close border). The six different compositions of icons were then implemented functionally on a smartphone to test recognition time, accuracy and subjective opinion. Results show that participants prefer pictorial illustration icons, but have no significant preference on border shape. For the recognition, users perform better time on simplified stylization, but make more errors relatively. Results indicate that open border shape icon is beneficial for recognition. In conclusion, icons designed with open border shape and graphic rendering is better for users’ recognition and preference on the smartphone." @default.
• W10001548 abstract "Prolonged exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids results in a syndrome first described by Cushing. Harvey Williams Cushing (1869–1939) reported the clinical syndrome of amenorrhea, bruising, cutaneous striae, facial plethora, high blood pressure, hirsutism, and myopathy and attributed it to “pituitary basophilism” (1). Bishop and Close were the first to name the new syndrome after Cushing in a case recognized as such the year Cushing published his paper (2). Albright was the first to recognize the role of glucocorticoids in this syndrome (3). A few years later, excessive secretion of corticotropin (ACTH) from pituitary was shown to be the cause of Cushing’s disease (4). The ectopic ACTH syndrome was described by the same person who later established the dexamethasone suppression test, the long-standing golden standard for the differential diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome (5)." @default.
• W1000155473 abstract "In 1985, Kroto, SmaUey and their co-workers discovered a series of new forms of elementary carbons in experiments: many carbon atoms gather together to form quite stable clusters in gas-phase, among which C_(60) is of the greatest abundance. Since then, many experimental and theoretical scientists have paid more attention to C_(60). They found that" @default.
• W100015595 abstract "HIV/AIDS is a new epidemic in current century. Predominant route of transmission is sexual. Virtually all systems are affected either directly by virus or by oppurtunistic infections or by malignancy. Neurological complications may occur at any stage of disease. Clinical manifestations may be acute, subacute or chronic. Presentation and diagnosis are often confusing. Central nervous system toxoplasmosis and tuberculous meningitis are commonest opportunistic infections in advanced HIV patients. Patients frequently present with focal neurodeficit. Mortality is high i.e., 13 (54%) out of 24 cases of opportunistic infectious in the study carried out at the SSKM Hospital during the period January 2005 to December 2006." @default.
• W1000157208 abstract "The House of Friendship of Peoples (Dom druzhby narodovor DDN) was seen to embody Soviet ideals of freedom, equality and brotherhood between the different ethnic peoples of the USSR. However, social perceptions of non-Russian migrants since the collapse of state socialism have changed: from official discourses of them as nashi(‘ours’), discourses have moved more towards migrants as a cultural Other, with attendant negative connotations. Migrants face significant barriers with housing, education, employment, safety and social integration. This article looks at the transformation of the DDN in the Republic of Tatarstan from a Soviet facility into a globalised institute which is shown to be characteristic of a new form of hybridity, combining the inertia of the Soviet past with market elements, aspects of Western democratic culture, and new forms of post-Soviet state centralization.Based on fieldwork carried out in Kazan, the research consists of case studies of interaction between migrants, the DDN, and state services relating to migration, including the police. It also analyses state policy on migrants and their status in Russian society. The author discusses migrant strategies for negotiating state structures, network resources they are able to draw upon, and the possibility of social integration. The analysis highlights the systematic contradictions in state social policy on migrants: on one hand, the government declares that migrant workers are necessary and inevitable for the socio-economic development in Russia. However, its actual policy in the field focuses on control and sanctions related to migrants, who are often vulnerable to abuse or exploitation in the state system. Conclusions show that the DDN case demonstrates how, in the complex Russian social environment, public and private spaces of migrant communities interact, making the DDR a symbol of social transformation since the fall of the USSR in its blending of a Soviet discourse of internationalism with a legal discourse of civil society." @default.
• W100015740 abstract "The snakehead fish (Channa striata) is a freshwater fish species indigenous to Malaysia. Channa striata (C. striata), lo cally known as Haruan is valued as a natural remedy in traditional medicine as well as a reputable source of protein. The rapid progress of scientific validation research on the therapeutic properties of the species has spurred the equally rapid expansion of commercialised products that capitalises on these unique yet beneficial qualities of C. striata. Dependence on the wild in order to meet the increasing demand on the species is no longer a feasible option whereby, deteriorating natural abundance due to anthropogenic effects and over-exploitation has left an opening for the potential growth of the aquaculture industry of C. striata in Malaysia.The present study employed seven polymorphic microsatellite loci to investigate levels of genetic variation and differentiation of C. striata at selected cultured and wild populations in peninsular Malaysia. The study included cultured populations from three separate commercial farms (Kajang, Malacca and Rawang) as well as wild populations from three different states; Johore, Kedah and Pahang located at southern-, northern- and eastern-region of the peninsular, respectively. The results showed that cultured populations (mean number of alleles per locus, A = 7.71–9.29; allelic richness, AR = 6.752–8.108; mean effective number of alleles per locus, ne = 3.31–4.38; observed heterozygosity, Ho = 0.24–0.98; expected heterozygosity, He = 0.33–0.88) had significantly higher genetic variation relative to the wild (A = 3.86–4.86; AR = 3.843–4.838; ne = 2.01–2.20; Ho = 0.07–0.90; He = 0.07–0.69) populations. However, AMOVA analysis revealed that the greater percentage of variation (79.2%) in the total genetic diversity of the surveyed populations is primarily due to differences at the individual level and neither between, nor within, pooled cultured and pooled wild group.Departure from Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) was observed in all cultured populations and the wild population of Kedah. Isolated cases of inbreeding and recent population bottleneck were detected among the cultured and wild populations. The results also displayed low to extensive genetic differentiation among the cultured and wild populations as revealed by pair-wise measures; FST, RST and" @default.
• W1000157539 abstract "This paper follows the evolution in the institutional role and power of governors of the provincial districts in Italy from Diocletian to Justinian. There is no single governor's model which can be applied to the entire provincial territory, nor is there one which is valid in Italy for the entire period when a Roman provincial system can be considered as in force. Throughout the 4th century, and in the early years of the 5th century, in the central-south regions the great Roman-Italic landowning aristocracy was prominent in administration. The emperors knew how to take advantage of the mediating and even governing potential of their political-administrative methods and patronal traditions. Even though this élite was not excluded from office in Italia Annonaria, the presence of imperial seats in Aquileia and, above all, in Milan, as well as the greater proximity to the military frontiers and the different social and economic background very likely required a more bureaucratic interpretation of the role of governor, and in some cases also the ability to deal with military emergencies. We may surmise that these needs certainly influenced the selection of the governors, even if the scarce nature of prosopographical information does not allow us to form definite conclusions. From the point of view of competence and authority, the Italic governors were no different from all the others: their main duties included the collection of taxes (but even in this context the provisioning of Rome had peculiar implications for the suburbicarian area and also for the cursus honorurn) and the administration of justice. In this respect, unjustified reservations have been expressed regarding the capital jurisdiction of the Italic governors, due, in part, to an inadequate examination of the evidence. Militarization and attempts at centralization progressed relentlessly in the 5th and the 6th centuries. In the 5th century once again we come up against the difficulties caused by inadequate documentation. It is assumed however that the great families belonging to the senatorial aristocracy tended to avoid positions of intermediate administrative responsibility (which is how a governorship must be considered, at least for many peninsular provinces), preferring to move on directly, and at an early age, to higher positions, be they palatine or connected with territorial government. This phenomenon seems to continue in the Ostrogothic age, and as far as the recruitment of governors is concerned, preference is given to the upper classes at the regional level and perhaps to civil functionaries linked to the Gothic court. In this period there are discontinuities in terms of functions, inasmuch the traditional responsibilities of the governors are reduced to a certain extent. From the point of view of the general structure of the districts, the dioecesis Italiciana regresses with respect to the situation in the 1st century and a half after provincialization. This is due both to the losses caused by invasions and to internal structural changes. Considering the Lombard invasion and the reduction in size of the Byzantine districts, and taking into account the gradual petering out of the traditional tax system and the increasingly extensive militarization of society and administrative figures, it no longer makes sense to speak about (civil) provincial governors based on the Roman model, even though sources continue to use the terms iudices and praesides sporadically up to the 7th century. The article ends with an appendix which contains information regarding recently found documents or new discussions of a prosopographical nature." @default.
• W100015831 abstract "In a corner of the Forbidden City, the Legation Quarter was a self-governing community of foreign diplomats and traders who coexisted with, but lived apart from, the people of Peking. Illustrated throughout, this book traces the history of the Quarter from its foundation in the late nineteenth century to its present, half-abandoned, largely dilapidated state. It also recalls the Western shops, postal service, banks, and luxurious residences that gave the Quarter its unique atmosphere." @default.
• W100015838 abstract "This high prevalence of comorbid mental health and substance use disorders makes the accurate diagnosis of comorbid disorders an important clinical priority. However, the presence of comorbid disorders creates a number of diagnostic dilemmas, which have hindered our understanding of the comorbid disorders. This chapter discusses these diagnostic dilemmas, including issues with the reliability, validity and clinical utility of current systems of psychiatric nomenclature’s approach to diagnosing comorbid disorders. A number of alternative models for understanding comorbid disorders are briefly discussed, followed by suggestions for how research can improve our understanding of comorbid disorders." @default.
• W100015871 abstract "Accelerated eutrophication of lakes is usually associated with excessive inflows of nutrients such as phosphates, nitrates and ammonium. The flow of nutrients into the lake can allow for rapid increase in algae. The alga is relatively short-lived, and the lake soon exhibits high concentration of dead organic matter which starts to decay. The decay process consumes dissolved oxygen in the lower layer of the lake. Without sufficient dissolved oxygen, animals and plants may then die off in large numbers." @default.
• W1000159181 abstract "A method for the analysis of nonlinear vibration of shallow shells of arbitrary shape is presented. The method is based upon the concept of constant deflection contours on the surface of the shallow shell. The constant deflection contour method has previously been found to be a simple tool for the study of linear vibration analysis of shallow shells of arbitrary shape. A new approach has been made here to utilize this concept to study the large amplitude vibration of shallow shells in conjunction with the Galerkin method. A number of illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method." @default.
• W1000159644 abstract "Studies to characterize Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells in histological sections have yielded many conflicting data over the years. Even with progress in immunohistological technology, the histogenetic derivation of these cells remains unclear. Functional and genetic investigations are hampered by the scarcity of tumor cells in Hodgkin’s disease biopsy samples and the admixture of a variety of nonmalignant cells." @default.
• W1000159833 abstract "Fibrinolysis, the physiologic process which performs the task of demolishing fibrin, is dependent on various activation and inhibtion mechanisms, and is subject to functional fluctuations in biorhythm (Fearnley 1966). The fibrinolytic system can be simply defined as “the enzymatic breakdown of fibrin to fragments which are no longer able to form a coherent fibrin net” (von Kaulla 1963). This system is part of a more substantial mechanism which creates in the cutaneous organ a dynamic balance between fibrinosynthesis and fibrinolysis, known as “the balance between fibrinolysis and fibrin deposition” (Ryan 1976). The equilibrium between fibrinosynthesis and fibrinolysis is a consequence of the activity of the inhibitor and activator systems of fibrinolysis. The lysis of fibrin takes place through a proteolytic reaction catalyzed by plasmin; this latter enzyme derives from the activation of plasminogen by agents called plasminogen activators. The principal components of the fibrinolytic system are outlined in the following sections.KeywordsPlasminogen ActivatorFibrinolytic ActivityFibrinolytic SystemPorphyria Cutanea TardaPlasminogen Activator ActivityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves." @default.
• W1000160678 abstract "Byrsinus setosus from Flores (Indonesia), the first representative of the genus recorded from the island, is described and compared with B. varians (FABRICIUS), the only known Oriental species of the genus. First country records are presented for ten species of the Old World Cydnidae, namely for Garsauriella haglundi (BERGROTH) (Zaire), Cydnus aterrimus (FORSTER) (Jordan), Peltoxys thaumastellus LINNAVUORI (Ghana), Byrsinus varians (FABRICIUS) (Philippines), Byrsinocoris nigroscutellatus M ONTANTON (Egypt), Pseudonalips cribratus (SIGNORET) (Central African Republic), Plonisa tartarea (STAL) (Central African Republic, Kenya), Canthophorus melanopterus (HERRICH-SCHAEFFER) (Jordan), Ochetostethus sahlbergi WAGNER (Jordan), and Amaurocoris curtus (BRULLE) (Jordan). Three species known hitherto from restricted areas in Australia, namely Cydnotomus secundus J.A. LIS, Cydnus pericarti J.A. LIS, and Nishocoris bicolor J.A. LIS are recorded for the first time from New South Wales. New records of Scaptocoris australis J.A. LIS, known up to date only from the type specimen, are also given." @default.
• W1000160875 abstract "A extensao e a gravidade desse desperecimento da terra, num processo irreversivel, despertou alarme mundial e, hoje, uma legiao de cientistas esta mobilizada numa campanha internacional pela protecao da natureza e dos seus recursos minerais, vegetais e animais. Assim Paulo Carneiro apresentou o projeto de Instituto Internacional da Hileia Amazonica - IIHA-, na reuniao do Instituto Brasileiro de Educacao, Ciencia e Cultura - IBECC - no Itamaraty, em 1948. No mesmo ano foi apresentado, noutra reuniao do IBECC, o projeto de criacao do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas - CNPq - fundado em 1951. O IIHA, concebido por Paulo Carneiro, constituiu-se num dos programas cientificos abracados pela Divisao de Ciencias Naturais da Unesco, quando essa divisao foi criada em 1946. Concebido como um projeto de ecologia humana, o projeto do IIHA defrontou-se com uma concepcao colonizadora de valorizacao da Amazonia (atraves da agricultura intensiva e do desmatamento). Nesse embate, surgiu a agenda cientifica do IIHA e, desta, depois de dificeis discussoes, realizaram-se apenas dois projetos. Um deles era de ciencias naturais, incluindo a antropologia, realizado no Vale do Rio Hualaga, Peru, e o outro foi especificamente de antropologia, realizado em Gurupa, Para, Brasil. Foi tambem elaborado para o IIHA um projeto de antropologia. Este trabalho tem duplo objetivo: interpretar o papel da antropologia no projeto de ciencias naturais da Unesco" @default.
• W100016110 abstract "Die Beziehungen von Sprichwort und literarischem Text sind in ihrer (möglichen) Vielfalt und Komplexität zu umfassend, als daß sie in den folgenden Ausführungen erschöpfend behandelt werden könnten. Deshalb konzentriert sich die folgende Darstellung auf einen bestimmten Aspekt dieser gesamten Problematik. Im Vordergrund sollen dabei Überlegungen zum semantischen Status des Sprichworts stehen, der sich — im Vergleich zur „außerliterarischen“ Verwendung des Sprichworts — bei der Integration in einen literarischen Text in verschiedener Hinsicht verändert, was eine Reihe von Folgen für die Analyse von Sprichwörtern in literarischen Texten hat. Andere Probleme müssen dabei zwangsläufig ausgeklammert bleiben, so u.a. die Frage, inwiefern einzelne Sprichwörter als ‘Kondensationsformen’ eines (literarischen) Textes angesehen werden können bzw. inwiefern dem Sprichwort und dem betreffenden Text ein beiden Textformen gemeinsames, aber unterschiedlich entfaltetes Sinnpotential zugrundeliegt; ein solches Wechsel Verhältnis liegt häufig z.B. zwischen Sprichwort und Fabel vor, und es ist mehr als einmal analysiert und kommentiert worden.1 Nicht näher betrachtet wird auch die auf den narrativen Kontext eines literarischen Textes gerichtete Funktion von Sprichwörtern, den gesamten Text oder bestimmte Episoden des Textes retrospektiv oder prospektiv (z.B. in Form von Motti) zu kommentieren und durch diese spezifische Form der Intertextualität die Rezeption zu beeinflussen." @default.
• W1000161361 abstract "Die wachsende Bedeutung der Planung und staatlichen Intervention in alle Bereiche des offentlichen Lebens macht die Frage der Mitwirkung des Parlamentes standig dringlicher. Ziel sollte daher sein, eine starkere Einschaltung des Parlamentes in die Planungsprozesse zu erreichen, um sicherzustellen, das Zielvorstellungen des Parlamentes berucksichtigt werden, um traditionelle Kompetenzen nicht auszuhohlen und Kontrolle uber Interventionsmasnahmen sicherzustellen." @default.
• W1000162154 abstract "La variabilite spatiale des formations geologiques rend difficile la determination des parametres geotechniques necessaires pour l'evaluation des aleas naturels (sismiques et gravitaires). Les methodes d'imagerie geophysique, non-destructives et rapides, sont de plus en plus utilisees pour la reconnaissance de telles structures heterogenes. Une campagne d'essais geophysiques et geotechniques a ete realisee dans la plaine alluviale de Beyrouth (Liban), ville soumise a un fort risque sismique, en vue de caracteriser la variabilite des couches alluviales. Les resultats combines ont permis de caracteriser la structure 3D du site et de detecter la presence d'une couche d'argile molle, peu profonde et d'epaisseur variable. Cette couche de faible compacite, qui a rendu complexe l'interpretation des courbes de dispersion des ondes de surface, a une influence importante sur la reponse sismique du site. Les incertitudes reliees a la variabilite spatiale des proprietes geotechnique (N60) et geophysiques (Vs, ρ) ont pu etre quantifiees au sein des couches rencontrees et les fonctions de distribution de ces parametres ont ete determinees dans chaque couche a partir de ces essais, a la fois verticalement et horizontalement. Les valeurs de distance d'autocorrelation verticale (Vs, N60) et horizontale (ρ) obtenues ainsi que les valeurs de coefficient de variation se situent dans la gamme de valeurs trouvees dans la litterature. La reponse dynamique (amplification spectrale) de la plaine alluviale de Beyrouth a ete simulee avec des modeles probabilistes unidimensionnels, et l'effet des trois parametres statistiques (loi d'autocorrelation, distance d'autocorrelation et coefficient de variation) decrivant les variabilites des proprietes elastiques du sol (Vs) a ete quantifie. Pour obtenir des reponses sismiques realistes, un critere de selection des profils Vs generes de facon probabiliste a ete introduit afin de ne retenir que les profils compatibles (dans une gamme d'incertitude) avec la courbe de dispersion etablie. Les modelisations probabilistes ont montre des differences significatives par rapport aux modelisations deterministes. Le principal parametre probabiliste controlant l'amplification spectrale est le coefficient de variation, suivi de la distance d'autocorrelation, alors que le type de loi a peu d'influence. Enfin, nous avons vu que l'activite humaine peut avoir une influence significative sur l'application des methodes geophysiques en site urbain. La comprehension d'un milieu complexe dans ce contexte necessite de combiner toutes les methodes geotechniques et geophysiques d'investigation afin d'obtenir un modele robuste 2D/3D de la structure du sol" @default.
• W100016218 abstract "We are using human chromosome 4 as a model system for constructing yeast artificial chromosome STS-content map of the human genome. We have used a large collection of STSs distributed throughout the chromosome in a three-tiered pooling scheme to screen portions of the CEPH Mark I and Mega YAC libraries with PCR assays for each of the STSs. We applied an adaptation of the computer program SEGMAP to determine STS order and to establish YAC contigs. By using large numbers of STSs to screen YACs comprising about eight genome equivalents, we have found that maps covering most of the chromosome with almost complete continuity can be built solely by STS-content analysis with a minimum amount of YAC end isolation and analysis. In cases where gaps remain, the orders and orientations of the YAC/STS contigs are determined by radiation hybrid and meiotic mapping.To date, we have used this approach to complete an STS-content YAC map of the short arm of human chromosome 4, which is estimated to be about 50 Mb in length, and are nearing completion of a similar map for the 150 Mb long arm. The 4p map contains over 600 YACs of average length of 675 kb, andmore » contains four gaps, all of which are clustered in the distal eight Mb of 4p. We estimate that the cloned coverage in this map is a least 96% of the short arm. The map contains 379 STSs, 318 of which can be ordered relative to each other by STS-content analysis of the YACs, resulting in an average resolution of 160 kb. This map is available from our ftp server (toolik.stanford.edu). In addition to the 4p map, we have completed screening the YAC libraries with over 900 STSs from the long arm of the chromosome, and are currently using SEGMAP to build a map of 4q.« less" @default.
• W1000162665 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the thioester peptide chloromethyl ketones that are the reagents for active site-selective labeling of serine proteinases with spectroscopic probes. The approach represents a new strategy for site-specific labeling in that it employs a single affinity label to incorporate a uniquely reactive group for subsequent selective modification by members of probe families with different structures and spectral properties or probes of different types. For fluorescence studies of proteinase interactions, the ability to prepare derivatives with many different probes overcomes the obstacle of not being able to predict the label that will provide the spectral change needed to observe an interaction and should also allow the matching of probe spectral properties to the requirements of fluorescence anisotropy and resonance energy transfer studies. Finally, the thioester peptide chloromethyl ketones should similarly enable investigation of these enzymes with techniques based on the incorporation of other types of label, including chromophores, electron spin resonance probes, and nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR) probes." @default.
• W100016283 abstract "In this paper, a recursive autoregressive model is presented to estimate modal parameters of the crash pulse recorded during a full-scale vehicle crash test. Those parameters can be further utilized to characterize a physical model, so called Maxwell model, which is composed of a serial spring-mass-damper model to simulate a vehicle crash event. Results produced by this viscoelastic system closely follow the reference vehicle's kinematics. Thanks to the application of nonlinear model's parameters estimated by RARMAX model it is possible to gain a closer insight into the nature of the vehicle collision. To evaluate the correctness of this methodology, the comparative analysis between the original vehicle's kinematics and behavior of a Maxwell model with the nonlinear parameters estimated by RARMAX model is presented." @default.
• W1000162953 abstract "Let(M,T) be a closed manifold with an involution T.The fixed point set of T is F.In this article,bordism classes of the involutions with fixed point set F = ∪(from i=1 to m) CP i(1) × HP i(n) are determined,where CP(1) and H P(n) denote the 1-dimensional complex projective space and n-dimensional quaternionic projective space respectively,and n = 2p-2 or n = 2p-1(p > 1)." @default.
• W100016308 abstract "A weighted residual method based on generalized Jacobi polynomials is proposed to solve a class of eigenvalue problems governing the linear stability of the mechanical equilibria of certain fluids occurring in complex circumstances. One concrete natural convection problem of great interest from the applications point of view is numerically investigated. Fairly accurate approximations of the lower part of the spectrum are given in comparison with other numerical evaluations existing in the literature." @default.
• W1000163271 abstract "In order to solve the recognition problem of the specific target, a hyperspectral target recognition method using minimum noise fraction (MNF) and projection pursuit was used. Firstly, MNF was used to calculate the intrinsic dimension as well as image denoising. Then, using spectral information divergence (SID) as the projection index, remove the background and extract the spectral curve via adaptive threshold of the value of the projection index. When calculating each projection index, we used a simplified approach to maximize the projection index, which does not require an optimization algorithm. It searches for a solution by obtaining a set of candidate projections from the data and choosing the one with the highest projection index. Finally, identify the target and its location using the spectral angle mapping method. Through a series of hyperspectral images experiments, the results show that the MNF image preprocessing can make the projections better and reduce the computational effectively. Remove the background using adaptive threshold of the projection index quickly and efficiently. The method can not only reduce the images noise more effectively but also extract endmember and identify the target quickly, reliably, and fastly." @default.
• W1000163476 abstract "Understanding the whys and methods of scholarly literature Information about psychology databases" @default.
• W100016352 abstract "This chapter examines the images of librarians, derived from self perception and the perception of others. It considers how these images may interfere with the optimisation of librarians’ professional skills." @default.
• W1000163751 abstract "The pituitary gland comprises two lobes classically thought to have different embryological origins. The anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) is derived from Rathke’s pouch, an upward growth of the primitive oral cavity which eventually becomes detached, while the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) is derived from the central nervous system and remains in direct connection with the hypothalamus via the pituitary stalk. In birds and amphibia Rathke’s pouch appears to develop from the anterior ridge of the neural plate rather than from the endoderm of the gut, both lobes thus having a common neuroectodermal origin (1, 2). This remains to be proved in mammals. The fetal gland has an intermediate lobe arising from the posterior wall of Rathke’s pouch. The two lobes fuse after birth, but small cysts may remain. Occasionally one may enlarge sufficiently to mimic an expanding tumour, even to the stage of causing pituitary apoplexy (3). The pars tuberalis is a cuff of cells, mainly gonadotrophs, extending up the pituitary stalk. With age these undergo squamous metaplasia, not to be mistaken for metastatic squamous carcinoma. Remnants of anterior pituitary can be found along the path of migration of the pouch. The most common is the pharyngeal pituitary (4) in the roof of the nasopharynx. It contains all hormone producing cell types of the anterior lobe and may have some functional interaction with it. Ectopic adenomas may arise here." @default.
• W100016421 abstract "Fuzzy Control provides a good support to translate the knowledge of a skilled plant operator into rules, making intelligent control possible. But it is difficult to represent the expert's knowledge with no degradation, so a tuning phase is required. This is not an easy task, and there is not a general procedure for it. On the other hand, most of the control systems are still based on the conventional PID regulator. Aström has developed an empirical tool to predict the achievable performance of these controllers and to assess whether they are properly tuned. Based on Buckley's results, that have analytically proved the equivalence between one of the simplest fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and a PI, it is possible to apply Aström's tool to evaluate the performance of a FLC.Key wordsFuzzy controlTuning fuzzy controllersPID controlSelf-tuningExpert controlAdpative control" @default.
• W1000164404 abstract "Celem pracy była charakterystyka materiałów kolekcyjnych pszenżyta ozimego pod względem polowej odporności na choroby grzybowe liści, takie jak mączniak właściwy (Blumeria graminis), rdza brunatna (Puccinia recondita) oraz septorioza liści (Phaeosphaeria nodorum). Materiał badawczy stanowiły 682 obiekty oceniane w latach 1985–2013. Bonitacja stopnia porażenia roślin przez choroby dokonywana była w oparciu o 9-stopniową skalę wg COBORU, w której 9 oznacza brak objawów chorobowych, a 1 – najsilniejsze porażenie. W celu oceny postępu biologicznego w odniesieniu do zdrowotności roślin wyodrębniono 2 grupy obiektów: badane w latach 1985–1999 oraz w latach 2000–2013. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na duże zróżnicowanie materiałów kolekcyjnych pszenżyta pod względem polowej odporności na choroby grzybowe liści, przy czym genotypy oceniane w latach 1985–1999 charakteryzowały się większą polową odpornością na choroby grzybowe niż genotypy analizowane w latach 2000–2013." @default.
• W100016441 abstract "In this paper we introduce a new numerical method to compute nonlinear stellar pulsations. We describe some basic properties of this adaptive grid method and discuss several advantages and further improvements compared to the usual Lagrangian approach. Some first results provide additional justification for this new treatment. Starting from initial hydrostatic models we obtain periodic solutions in the case of Cepheids and an irregular behaviour in the case of extended cool objects. The nonlinear system of radiation hydrodynamics is solved implicitly in conservative form on a fully adaptive grid in order to provide a sufficient spatial resolution in regions of steep gradients" @default.
• W1000165248 abstract "This chapter provides the basic cost-effectiveness decision analysis methodology and terminology for carotid imaging. The main focus of economic analyses has been the cost-effectiveness of screening programmes for more than 60% stenosis based on the results of the asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis study (ACAS) trial. The cost-effectiveness analysis model typically starts with the reference case, which would usually be a typical hypothetical patient who has suffered from a minor stroke or a transient ischemic attack. A decision-tree model is essentially a horizontal flow chart that depicts all the decisions, chance events and outcomes that stem from an initial set of imaging options. There have been several studies reporting on the cost-effectiveness of carotid imaging modalities prior to surgery. In asymptomatic patients, cost-effectiveness analysis studies have generally focussed on the cost-effectiveness of screening for the identification of more than 60% stenosis based on the results of the ACAS trial." @default.
• W1000165270 abstract "In incubation experiments (25°C, 60% of max. water capacity) the mineralization of originally bound nitrogen during decomposition of 15N-labelled plant material in soil was investigated. Results show both the dependence of microbial degradation on stability of the organic material (due to C-content in the organic matter of POM) and the influence of the C/N ratio on the direction of the N-transformation process. Investigating simultaneously the mineralization of organic carbon and nitrogen (C/N-transformation process) no parallelity of mineralization courses of C and N due to the C/N ratio of POM could be found. The main topic of this work is the mathematical calculation of the C/N ratio of the microbial biomass (C/NBM). Im Inkubationsversuch (25°C, 60% der maximalen Wasserkapazität) wurde die Mineralisation organisch gebundenen Stickstoffs aus 15N-markiertem Pflanzenmaterial während des Abbaus im Boden untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Abhängigkeit des mikrobiellen Abbaus von der Stabilität des organischen Materials -entsprechend dem C-Gehalt in der organischen Substanz — sowie den Einfluß des C/N-Verhältnisses auf die N-Transformationsrichtung. Untersuchungen zur gleichzeitigen Erfassung der C- und N-Mineralisierung (C/N-Transformation) beim Abbau organischer Primärsubstanz ergaben keine Parallelität des Mineralisierungsverlaufs von C und N entsprechend dem C/N-Verhältnis des organischen Materials. Hauptgegenstand vorliegender Arbeit ist die rechnerische Ermittlung des C/N-Verhältnisses der mikrobiellen Biomasse." @default.
• W1000165579 abstract "In this paper, we define a sequence of polynomials Pn(α)(x|A,H) depending only on the choice of two analytic functions A and H in a neighborhood of zero. For a pair of compositional inverses A and B, we will show the identity Pn(α)(x|B,H∘B)=Pn(n+1−α)(1−x|A,A′H), which generalize the Carlitz's identity on Bernoulli polynomials. Dans ce papier, on définit une suite de polynômes Pn(α)(x|A,H) dépendant seulement du choix de deux fonctions analytiques dans un voisinage de zéro. Pour une paire de fonctions réciproques A et B, on montre l'identité Pn(α)(x|B,H∘B)=Pn(n+1−α)(1−x|A,A′H), qui généralise l'identité de Carlitz sur les polynômes de Bernoulli." @default.
• W100016569 abstract "Mobile commerce is more than a mobile and wireless extension of the Web-based e-commerce. It is being spurred by the mobile phone industry's widespread support of the Wireless Application Protocol. WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security) is based on the industry-standard TLS protocol, is optimised for use over narrow-band communication channels and is used with the WAP transport protocols. Since mobile commerce differs to fixed commerce in instantaneous delivery, micro payment and mobile context, a user-friendly payment scheme and user authentication is required. But poor power and memory of mobile terminals must be taken into account when cryptographic algorithms are chosen. Through mobile application survey, we found that the security levels of request and response data are different and request data is more important. In order to upgrade both total security level and performance, we proposed a security enhancement mechanism, in which security parameters of request and response data are processed separately. We made algorithms code value changed with meaningful most left two bits in WTLS handshake." @default.
• W10001662 abstract "Failure of orbit correction schemes to recognize betatron oscillation patterns obvious to any machine operator is a good problem with which to analyze the uses of Artificial Intelligence and the roles and relationships of operators, control systems and machines. Because such error modes are very common, their generalization could provide an efficient machine optimization and control strategy. A set of first-order, unitary transformations connecting canonical variables through measured results are defined which can either be compared to design for commissioning or to past results for 'golden orbit' operation. Because these relate directly to hardware variables, the method is simple, fast and direct. It has implications for machine design, controls, monitoring and feedback. Chronological analysis of such machine signatures can predict or provide a variety of information such as mean time to failure, failure modes and fast feedback or feedforward for optimizing figures of merit such as luminosity or current transmission. The use of theoretical and empirical scaling relations for such problems is discussed in terms of various figures of merit, the variables on which they depend as well as their functional dependences." @default.
• W1000167209 abstract "Publisher Summary The chapter explores the role played by assumptions of spatial geometry within physical theory, specifically within Newtonian gravitational theory. Standard formulations of Newtonian physics presuppose that space is Euclidean. It is probably most natural to assume that any hypothesis about spatial geometry function only as inessential auxiliary hypothesis within Newtonian physics–superimposed—as it were—on a core of basic underlying physical principles, which themselves are neutral with respect to spatial geometry. The very limiting process that produces Newtonian physics and a well-defined, observer invariant spatial structure also generates strong constraints on spatial curvature. These constraints turn out to be so strong as to guarantee the Euclidean character of space. A good bit of differential geometry is required to make the claim precise. The chapter presents conditions that characterize a kind of generalized Newtonian spacetime structure." @default.
• W1000167386 abstract "ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Schulte F, Filis A, Karageorgos N, Sandu N, Schaller B. EditorialPain after craniotomy – really a problem?. Archives of Medical Science. 2010;6(6):827-828. doi:10.5114/aoms.2010.19286. APA Schulte, F., Filis, A., Karageorgos, N., Sandu, N., & Schaller, B. (2010). EditorialPain after craniotomy – really a problem?. Archives of Medical Science, 6(6), 827-828. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2010.19286 Chicago Schulte, Fried, Andreas Filis, Nikolaos Karageorgos, Nora Sandu, and Bernhard Schaller. 2010. EditorialPain after craniotomy – really a problem?. Archives of Medical Science 6 (6): 827-828. doi:10.5114/aoms.2010.19286. Harvard Schulte, F., Filis, A., Karageorgos, N., Sandu, N., and Schaller, B. (2010). EditorialPain after craniotomy – really a problem?. Archives of Medical Science, 6(6), pp.827-828. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2010.19286 MLA Schulte, Fried et al. EditorialPain after craniotomy – really a problem?. Archives of Medical Science, vol. 6, no. 6, 2010, pp. 827-828. doi:10.5114/aoms.2010.19286. Vancouver Schulte F, Filis A, Karageorgos N, Sandu N, Schaller B. EditorialPain after craniotomy – really a problem?. Archives of Medical Science. 2010;6(6):827-828. doi:10.5114/aoms.2010.19286." @default.
• W1000167563 abstract "Parental communications strategies in interactionAdult orientation in child development reveals the parents’ upbringing concepts and allows predicting the results of refl exive interactions between an adult and a c" @default.
• W1000167765 abstract "The work presented in this exhibition was produced during 1981-82 within the Master of Fine Arts course at the Tasmanian school of Art." @default.
• W100016778 abstract "Nitrogen and phosphorous are two of the main elements required for plant growth. Beneficial microorganisms can supply nitrogen through biological nitrogen fixation and increase P uptake by P solubilization of mineral phosphates through the production of organic acids. Rhizobium is a well established biological nitrogen fixer but other potential characteristics that promote overall plantgrowth have been largely ignored. A study was carried on rhizobia and root nodule endophytes from legumes to determine their phosphate solubilizing ability using solid and broth media containing mineral phosphates. A total of 160 rhizobia and root nodule endophytes were tested. Only 42 isolates (26.25%) showed phosphate solubilization activity using solid agar media and from these, a further 14isolates were studied based on growth in various liquid mineral phosphate media. Isolate GM 119, a root nodule endophyte from Glycine max, showed the best result for phosphate solubilization on media containing Ca,(P04)2." @default.
• W1000168177 abstract "The article offers suggestion for adjustments for collecting New Year data in worksheets of computer software Microsoft Excel by Microsoft Corp. The topics discussed include turning formulas into text, usage of offset function in Microsoft Excel and shortcomings of the suggested methods for adjustments." @default.
• W1000168302 abstract "In this paper a design and implementation of a remote control system of a manipulator for weld inspection of nuclear reactor vessels are described. Based on the client-server TCP/IP software architecture, the presented control system enables an operator to perform the entire inspection procedure remotely over a network, avoiding exposure to dangerous radiation normally present in nuclear reactor environments. The developed graphical user interface provides tools for planning weld scan trajectories, their verification on a robot and reactor vessel 3D model, and finally, execution of planned trajectories on a remote robot. In addition, the weld inspection process can be monitored in parallel on a virtual robot and reactor vessel model and by watching live video streams captured by two cameras mounted on the robot." @default.
• W100016882 abstract "Echinococcus multilocularis is a parasite that can cause alveolar echinococcosis disease. After the first positive finding of E. multilocularis in Sweden in 2011, a consulting group with representatives from relevant authorities was summoned. In this group, all relevant information was shared, strategies for information dissemination and any actions to be taken due to the finding of E. multilocularis were discussed and decided. The present paper describes the actions taken during 2011 and the results thereof, including surveillance in animals, risk assessment for humans to become infected and recommendations given to the public. Further discussion about whether the parasite was introduced, and if so, how, as well as possible future development of the infection in animals and humans in Sweden and future actions are included." @default.
• W100016926 abstract "Zusammenfassung„Das Wort ‚Rechtsprechung’— erklärte Robespierre — muss aus unserer Sprache getilgt werden in einem Staat, der sich auf Verfassung und Gesetzgebung stützt. Die Rechtsprechung ist nichts anderes als das Gesetz. Wenn das Gesetz ausgelegt, verstärkt oder nach dem Gutdünken eines einzelnen Willens angewandt werden kann, steht der Mensch nicht mehr unter dem Schutz des Gesetzes, sondern unter der Willkür dessen, der es anwendet oder verstärkt“.1 Mit dieser Feststellung setzte Robespierre eine langwirkende Deutungsdynamik in Gang und präjudizierte eine Epoche, die gekennzeichnet war von geringem Stellenwert für Justiz und Richterschaft in der französischen Gesellschaft." @default.
• W1000170694 abstract "Legacy systems are the backbone of any software organization. To satisfy the essentials of current users and modern business environment of global competition legacy system needs to be modernized. Now a days reengineering offers an approach to migrate a legacy system towards an evolve system. However improving quality of legacy system through reengineering requires examining and analyzing different reengineering risk. Quantifiable risk measures are necessary for the measurement of reengineering risk to take decision about when the evolution of legacy system through reengineering is successful. Existing methods used for evaluating the current state of legacy system mostly rely on user survey which are too subjective and need much processing time and cost. We present a reengineering risk measurement model RrMm to measure comprehensive impact of different reengineering risk in the evolution process of legacy system. We also measure reengineering risk arises from quality perspective of legacy system using proposed RrMm model. The quality perspective RrMm model consists of five reengineering risk component, including Availability risk, Reliability risk, Modularity risk, Usability risk and performance risk .RrMm offers better performance in terms of risk measurement to support the decision-making process." @default.
• W1000170985 abstract "The genus Duboisia consists of three species, Duboisia leichhardtii F. Muell, D. myoporoides R. Br., and D. hopwoodii F. Muell. Duboisia species are woody plants and the former two species produce the largest amounts of tropane alkaloids among the Solanaceae, which includes the other alkaloid-producing plants Atropa, Datura, Hyoscyamus and Scopolia. The major alkaloids present in D. leichhardtii and D. myoporoides are scopolamine and hyoscyamine, important compounds that have been used as spasmolytics and anesthetics. The third species, D. hopwoodii, produces mainly nicotine and nornicotine, both of which are nicotine alkaloids normally found in tobacco plants. Both tropane and nicotine alkaloids are synthesized mainly in the roots of these three species." @default.
• W100017227 abstract "The Saugus, Mass., refuse plant is designed for the practically pollution-free combustion of municipal and industrial wastes for the generation of steam for a nearby industrial plant for power generation, heating, and plant processing. The initial design includes recovery of ferrous metals with provision for expansion of the materials recovery systems to include other items as the markets and technology warrents. The special design features of this plant, which include no intake from or discharge to the river, are reviewed. (JSR)" @default.
• W1000172358 abstract "[Purpose] This study investigated the intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the sideways step test (SST), its correlation with other indicators of stroke-specific impairment, and the cut-off count best discriminating subjects with stroke from their healthy counterparts. [Subjects and Methods] Forty-three subjects with chronic stroke and 41 healthy subjects older than 50 years participated in this study. The SST was administered along with the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment for the lower extremities (FMA-LE), the five-times sit to stand (5TSTS) test, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the movement velocity (MVL) by the limits of stability (LOS) test, the ten-metre walk (10mW) test, the timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale. [Results] The SST showed good to excellent intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reliability. The SST counts correlated with 5TSTS times, 10mW times, TUG times, and the FMA-LE and BBS scores. SST counts of 11 for the paretic leg and 14 for the non-paretic leg were found to distinguish the healthy adults from subjects with stroke. [Conclusion] The sideways step test is a reliable clinical test, which correlates with the functional strength, gait speed, and functional balance of people with chronic stroke." @default.
• W1000173070 abstract "A high proportion of Lithuania’s meadows are either in poor condition or abandoned (not mowed and not grazed). These changes in meadow use have negative consequences such as increasing area of meadows not being used and landscape turning wild, which inevitably deteriorate their ecological value. Research was done during 2009–2012 in five habitats, two of which are non-flooded relatively abandoned meadows of undulating relief and three flooded meadows, present in the riverside, central and pre-land parts of the Nemunas delta. The study was aimed to compare the influence of the productivity and quality of the phytocenoses of non-flooded and flooded meadows on the energy value of their biomass. The productivity and energy value of meadow swards depend on the habitat’s ecological conditions, which form different habitations. The average dry matter content of the non-flooded meadows was 4.19 t ha-1 and that of flooded meadows 6.03 t ha-1 (31% higher). The quality of biomass formed in different habitats was similar. Dry matter contained 6.69–9.75% crude protein, 23.81–25.56% crude fibre, 1.70–2.29% crude fat, 4.98–5.98% crude ash, 44.40–47.20% organic carbon (Corg), 1.26–1.44% total nitrogen (Ntotal), and 0.12–0.16% sulphur. The swards of the non-flooded meadows accumulated slightly higher contents of potassium (on average 1.66%), while those of flooded meadows accumulated higher concentrations of calcium (on average 0.70%). The net calorific value of grasses of different meadows varied from 16.63 to 16.88 MJ kg-1 and energy potential from 60.73 to 143.8 GJ ha-1. The energy potential of the sward of the flooded meadow, present in the central part of the Nemunas delta was significantly higher (143.8 GJ), it accumulated 1.8–2.4 and 1.6–2.2 times more energy compared with non-flooded or other flooded meadows. The energy input for the preparation and transportation of herbage from the meadows under investigation totalled 2.8 GJ ha-1. The highest content of useful energy (141.03 GJ ha-1) was obtained from the flooded meadow, present in the central part of the Nemunas delta. Other meadows demonstrated similar final energy contents: meadows in the riverside of the Nemunas delta – 89.01 GJ ha-1, non-flooded meadows, present in the lower terrain of undulating relief – 77.56 GJ ha-1, meadows of the pre-land Nemunas delta – 62.88 GJ ha-1, non-flooded meadows, present in the upper terrain of undulating relief – 57.93 GJ ha-1." @default.
• W1000174168 abstract "◆ Low-power and high-sensitivity WO3 gas sensors are developed. ◆ The gas sensors contribute to the energy saving in a clean room by the draft exhaust control." @default.
• W10001747 abstract "The Solvay Councils have played a key role in the development of the institutional and intellectual geography of physics in the twentieth century. With other institutions, such as the Nobel Institute and the Rockefeller Foundation, they played a decisive role in determining the scientific and professional values of physics in the early decades of the century. The Solvay Councils were central in establishing a new kind of physics and a new way of doing physics by defining key problems and shared concerns among an elite, self-selecting international group of physicists. To these men and women, with different backgrounds, and often different ways of thinking about nature, the Solvay Councils allowed discussion of some of the most pressing problems of the new physics which gradually unfolded in the first half of the century, and in so doing helped shape the discipline of physics as we have come to know it. Just a cursory glance at the list of topics discussed shows the close connection between the Councils and the leading edge of physics research: 1911, quanta; 1913, the structure of matter; 1921, the electron theory of matter and atomic structure again; 1924, problems of metallic conduction; 1927, electrons and photons, including the new quantum mechanics and its interpretation; 1930, magnetic properties of matter, including the application of quantum mechanics to magnetic phenomena; 1933, the structure and properties of atomic nuclei, including the then recent discoveries of the neutron, the deuteron, the positron and the artificial disintegration of the atom, all leading to the development of the new field of nuclear physics.1" @default.
• W1000174823 abstract "Given $n$ discrete random variables, its entropy vector is the $2^n-1$ dimensional vector obtained from the joint entropies of all non-empty subsets of the random variables. It is well known that there is a one-to-one correspondence between such an entropy vector and a certain group-characterizable vector obtained from a finite group and $n$ of its subgroups [3]. This correspondence may be useful for characterizing the space of entropic vectors and for designing network codes. If one restricts attention to abelian groups then not all entropy vectors can be obtained. This is an explanation for the fact shown by Dougherty et al [4] that linear network codes cannot achieve capacity in general network coding problems. All abelian group-characterizable vectors, and by fiat all entropy vectors generated by linear network codes, satisfy a linear inequality called the Ingleton inequality. It is therefore of interest to identify groups that violate the Ingleton inequality. In this paper, we study the problem of finding nonabelian finite groups that yield characterizable vectors which violate the Ingleton inequality. Using a refined computer search, we find the symmetric group $S_5$ to be the smallest group that violates the Ingleton inequality. Careful study of the structure of this group, and its subgroups, reveals that it belongs to the Ingleton-violating family $PGL(2,q)$ with a prime power $q geq 5$, i.e., the projective group of $2times 2$ nonsingular matrices with entries in $mathbb{F}_q$. We further interpret this family using the theory of group actions. We also extend the construction to more general groups such as $PGL(n,q)$ and $GL(n,q)$. The families of groups identified here are therefore good candidates for constructing network codes more powerful than linear network codes, and we discuss some considerations for constructing such group network codes." @default.
• W1000174844 abstract "The radio-based wireless data communication has made the realization of new technical solutions possible in many fields of the automation technology (AT). For about ten years, a constant disproportionate growth of wireless technologies can be observed in the automation technology." @default.
• W1000175195 abstract "The family is the foundation of the society. If the product of the family is bad, its effect in the society could often be adverse or brutal. The early experiences of a child in terms of the degree of care, type of control, and emotional tone of the home is formative, contribute to the child’s temperament and influence his/her behaviour later in life. These early experiences of a child depend on his/her parents’ child rearing practices, which in turn depend on some family variables and characteristics. Using available literature, this article identified influence of violent or aggressive role models, single and step-parenting environment, and low educational and class status of parents as some of the family factors or characteristics with a wide range of adverse effect on children’s well-being and which can lead to varied anti-social behavior, such as aggression or violence in the individual. It was recommended among other things that for effective child rearing practices by parents and families, interventions that could increase the number of children reared by continuously married biological parents should be encouraged. Recommendations that could make for good child rearing practices and therefore stem the tide of violent behaviour in Nigeria in the long run were made." @default.
• W100017521 abstract "Virtual communities (VCs) are regarded as increasingly critical groups. This study examines leadership styles, Web-based commitment, and their subsequent impacts on e-learning performance in VCs. The findings indicate that a leader’s initiating structure (task-oriented) has a strong, direct effect on performance. On the other hand, a leader’s consideration (relationship-oriented) has a strong, indirect impact on performance through commitment, which might require more time to observe. These results imply that future studies should consider the related constructs in both the short and long run." @default.
• W100017554 abstract "1. Anorexia and bulimia are common among adolescents, and both are complex, chronic disorders with high comorbidity and significant complications and mortality. 2. Eating disorders cultivate shame, denial, and lack of insight, making treatment difficult and necessitating careful development of a therapeutic alliance. 3. Treatment goals are to correct the biological and psychological sequelae, prevent or correct complications, restore normal eating patterns, reduce binging and purging, promote understanding and change in dysfunctional behaviors and attitudes, improve intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning, restore normal exercise patterns, and address comorbid psychopathology and psychological conflicts." @default.
• W1000175544 abstract "Moisture of building structures According to Standard CSN 73 0610 [5] moisture of masonry is classified by Table 1. Mentioned classification refers to buildings with rooms and space for a stay of persons made from common building materials with absorptiveness over 10%. For common practice the classification according to Table 1 is sufficient, but from viewpoint of applicability of grouting methods it is not enough. The authors of WTA 4-4-96 Direction realised the insufficiency and established the term “moisture level” evaluating a content of moisture in the masonry in regard to its porosity. It means in practice that besides determining moisture content in mass percents, also the open porosity of material is necessary to determine [6]. The non-pressure grouting may be used till moisture level of approximately 50%, superior limit of 80% is given for pressure grouting [8]." @default.
• W10001759 abstract "Land systems are increasingly influenced by distal connections: the externalities and unintended consequences of social and ecological processes which occur in distant locations, and the feedback mechanisms that lead to new institutional developments and governance arrangements. Economic globalization and urbanization accentuate these novel telecoupling relationships. The prevalence of telecoupling in land systems demands new approaches to research and analysis in land science. This chapter presents a working definition of a telecoupled system, emphasizing the role of governance and institutional change. The social, institutional, and ecological processes and conditions through which telecoupling emerges are described. Analysis of these relationships demands integrative and diverse epistemological perspectives and methods, and requires a focus on how the motivations and values of social actors relate to telecoupling processes, as well as on the mechanisms that produce unanticipated outcomes and feedback relationships among distal land systems. Published in the Strungmann Forum Reports Series." @default.
• W1000175980 abstract "Chinese writing from 100 Asians who recently migrated to the United States was collected and intercompared to determine the frequency of handwriting characteristics. The general elements of handwriting form and execution were assessed in each sample. They include: system, style, size, slant, proportions, angularity, skill, speed, pressure, arrangement, spacing, and alignment. The basic strokes of Chinese characters are delineated, and the methods and application of foreign writing comparison are summarized." @default.
• W100017754 abstract "Abstract : Since the end of the Cold War and the emergence of the concept, the Army has continued to emphasize increased reliance on the Army National Guard for small-scale contingencies (SSC). From 1989 to the present, the Army National Guard has responded to over 45 contingency operations with soldiers currently deployed to Southwest Asia, Bosnia, and Kosovo in support of SSC operations. In addition, the U.S. Army announced that the National Guard would assume the support requirement for Bosnia through 2005 and continue supporting Multinational Observers (MFO) Sinai and Southwest Asia Operation Desert Spring (ODS). While these missions have validated the Total Force concept and provided valuable operational experience, they are beginning to show negative trends in unit readiness, employer support, and family issues. The challenge of the Army National Guard is to successfully execute SSC missions over the long term. How can the Army National Guard organize National Guard forces to handle these deployments and reduce the negative issues on employers and families? The purpose of this paper is to determine how the Army National Guard can be effectively deployed to support SSC missions while minimizing the negative impacts of deployment. This paper briefly describes the history of the Army National Guard's mobilizations from the Vietnam War through the early 1990's; it reviews the reasons for the increased dependence on the Army National Guard; and it explores the negative and positive issues created by increased reliance. Finally, given the significant demand for Army National Guard forces, this paper offers a recommendation designed to reduce the negative issues arising from SSC deployments and help ensure that the Army National Guard is capable of maintaining overall readiness to meet the challenges of the nation's future security." @default.
• W100017786 abstract "Phenolic and Catecholic compounds that behave as substrates of tyrosinase have been implicated in the etiology of contact vitiligo. In this study we determined the role of the commercially used phenolic antioxidants, BHT and BHA that are not substrates of tyrosinase, in the etiology of contact vitiligo. Approximately 105 darkly pigmented SK-MEL-23 and lightly pigmented SK-MEL-19 melanoma cells maintained in minimum essential media with supplements were seeded in 96-well plates. After 24 hr, cells were exposed to increasing concentrations (0–250 uM) of BHT and BHA alone and in combination. The effects on cell viability, cell proliferation rate, tyrosinase expression / activity, and melanin content were determined and compared to hydroquinone (HQ), a known melanocyte specific toxin. Increasing concentrations of BHT, BHA and HQ for up to 96 hours resulted in corresponding decreases in cell viability as determined by cell counts and trypan blue exclusion method. At 96 hours, 250 uM BHT was significantly more toxic to pigmented SK-MEL-23 as compared to lightly pigmented SK-MEL-19 melanoma cells by this assay. However BHT and BHA did not have any significant effects on cell proliferation rate as measured by CellTiter 96 Aqueous One solution cell proliferation assay kit. Moreover, BHT and BHA did not affect tyrosinase expression and activity nor melanin content in both melanoma cell lines. Thus, BHT and BHA are relatively non-toxic to both dark and lightly pigmented melanoma cells and may not be involved in etiology of contact vitiligo." @default.
• W100017790 abstract "The prevailing medical opinion up to the 1960s held that vitamin D was a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, arising from research showing that megadoses of vitamin D caused arteriosclerosis in animals. However, the development of competitive protein-binding assays for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in the 1970s showed that only a small proportion of body vitamin D comes from diet, with more than 80% synthesized from sun exposure. A 1981 review of the epidemiology, which found that cardiovascular disease rates increased in winter with increasing latitude and were reduced at high altitudes, led to the hypothesis that ultraviolet radiation, by increasing vitamin D levels, protects against cardiovascular disease. Since then, observational epidemiological studies have reported inverse associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of cardiovascular disease. However, randomized clinical trials are required to confirm that vitamin D protects against cardiovascular disease. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the putative protective effect of vitamin D against cardiovascular disease. These include beneficial changes in cardiac function, blood pressure (including endothelial function), insulin resistance, and inflammatory processes." @default.

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